同义替换是雅思考试的核心技能，能够熟练运用同义替换的同学往往能拿到高分。在听力和阅读中，我们通过同义替换来提高解题效率，在口语和写作中，我们通过同义替换展示表达的多样化和词汇的丰富度。为帮助大家培养这项技能，Tracy将长期为大家解读如何运用同义替换去解雅思听力和阅读题。

由于讲解主要是通过解剑桥雅思真题进行的，所以建议同学们可以先做一下每次会讲解到的文章，再来看本文的解析。

牢记：三种主要的同义替换形式：同义词替换、概括型替换（题干为细节，原文为概括总结）和解释型替换（题干为概括总结，原文为细节）。

IELTS 11 Test 1 Reading Paragraph 3

Complete the table below.

Choose ONE WORD from the passage for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 30-36 on your answer sheet.

30. to create a that would reduce the amount of light reaching Earth

定位：tiny spacecraft，orbit，Earth，light

分析：空格处为可数名词的单数形式，内容为减少光到达地球的东西，这个东西的形成源于将大量小飞行器放入地球上面的轨道

原文：His scheme would employ up to 16 trillion minute spacecraft, each weighing about one gram, to form a transparent, sunlight-refracting sunshade in an orbit 1.5 million km above the Earth. This could, argues Angel, reduce the amount of light reaching the Earth by two per cent.

答案：sunshade（词性符合，内容符合）

要点：同义词替换 tiny→minute；create→form

31. place in the sea

32. to encourage to form

定位：sea，encourage，form

分析：两题的空格处均为名词，31题内容为放置于海里的东西，这个东西用来鼓励32题所指东西的形成

原文：The majority of geo-engineering projects so far carried out - which include planting forests in deserts and depositing iron in the ocean to stimulate the growth of algae - have focused on achieving a general cooling of the Earth.

答案：31题iron；32题algae（词性符合，内容符合）

要点：同义词替换place→deposit；sea→ocean；encourage→stimulate；form→grow

33. to create that would reduce the amount of light reaching Earth

定位：aerosol sprays，stratosphere，light，Earth

分析：空格为名词，内容为减少光到达地球的东西，其形成源于向平流层释放喷雾剂

原文：The concept of releasing aerosol sprays into the stratosphere above the Arctic has been proposed by several scientists. This would involve using sulphur or hydrogen sulphide aerosols so that sulphur dioxide would form clouds, which would, in turn, lead to a global dimming.

答案：clouds（词性符合，内容符合）

要点：（1）同义词替换create→form

（2）概括型替换reduce the amount of light reaching Earth→global dimming

34. fix strong to Greenland ice sheets

定位：Greenland ice sheets，icebergs，sea

分析：空格处为名词，内容为固定在格陵兰岛冰盖上用来防止冰山入海的东西

原文：Scientists have also scrutinised whether it's possible to preserve the ice sheets of Greenland with reinforced high-tension cables, preventing icebergs from moving into the sea.

答案：cables（词性符合，内容符合）

要点：（1）同义词替换fix→reinforce

（2）解释型替换strong→high-tension

35. to allow the to reflect radiation

定位：trees，Russian Arctic，leaves，winter，radiation

分析：空格处为名词，很可能是特指或前文提到过的东西，它可以反射辐射是因为俄罗斯北极地区种植了在冬天落叶的树

原文：Meanwhile in the Russian Arctic, geo-engineering plans include the planting of millions of birch trees. Whereas the region's native evergreen pines shade the snow and absorb radiation, birches would shed their leaves in winter, thus enabling radiation to be reflected by the snow.

答案：snow（词性符合，内容符合）

要点：同义词替换lose→shed；allow→enable

36.change the direction of

定位：direction，cold water，ice-forming areas

分析：空格处为名词，改变这个东西的方向可以将更多冷水带入正在结冰的区域

原文：Re-routing Russian rivers to increase cold water flow to ice-forming areas could also be used to slow down warming, say some climate scientists.

答案：rivers（词性符合，内容符合）

要点：概括型替换change the direction→re-route；bring more→increase

注意：考生容易忽略题目要求填的词数，有时候完整答案由2-3个单词构成，考生定位答案之后非常激动，完全忘了题目对单词数量的限制。

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