JIA 麦类作物遗传育种专辑 (2016-2018)|163

本虚拟专辑集选 JIA 2016-2018年出版的37篇综述和研究论文，涵盖麦类作物遗传、育种、种质资源等方向。阅读全文请底部。

A genetic evidence of chromosomal fragment from bridge parent existing in substitution lines between two common wheat varieties

ZHAO Pei, WANG Ke, LIN Zhi-shan, LIU Hui-yun, LI Xin, DU Li-pu, YAN Yue-ming, YE Xing-guo

Locating of important agronomic genes onto chromosome is helpful for efficient development of new wheat varieties. Wheat chromosome substitution lines between two varieties have been widely used for locating genes because of their distinctive advantages in genetic analysis, compared with the aneuploid genetic materials. Apart from the substituted chromosome, the other chromosomes between the substitution lines and their recipient parent should be identical, which eases the gene locating practice. In this study, a set of chromosome substitution lines with cv. Wichita (WI) as the recipient parent and cv. Cheyenne (CNN) as the donor parent were studied for the composition of high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) as well as a range of agronomic important traits. Results revealed that the substitution lines of WI(CNN5D), WI(CNN6A) and WI(CNN7B) had higher plant heights than the two parents of WI and CNN, and WI(CNN3D) had later maturity than the parents. By sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) analysis, a substitution line WI(CNN5B) was found to contain different HMW-GS patterns from its two parents, in which 1By9 was replaced by 1By8 on chromosome 1BL. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) analysis confirmed that the variation on 1BL in WI(CNN5B) was originated from Chinese Spring (CS). It is concluded that chromosomal fragments from bridge material and donor parent were quite often retained in intracultivaral chromosome substitution lines except the substituting chromosomes.

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ZHAO Pei, WANG Ke, LIN Zhi-shan, LIU Hui-yun, LI Xin, DU Li-pu, YAN Yue-ming, YE Xing-guo. A genetic evidence of chromosomal fragment from bridge parent existing in substitution lines between two common wheat varieties[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2016, 15(1): 10-17.

Mapping of QTL conferring leaf rust resistance in Chinese wheat lines W014204 and Fuyu 3 at adult plant stage

QI Ai-yong, ZHANG Pei-pei, ZHOU Yue, YAO Zhan-jun, LI Zai-feng, LIU Da-qun

Wheat leaf rust is a destructive foliar disease of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) worldwide. The most effective, economical s to control the disease is growing resistant cultivars with adult plant resistance (APR). The Chinese wheat lines W014204 and Fuyu 3 showed high leaf rust resistance in the field. To identify leaf rust APR genes in the two lines, two mapping populations with 215 and 163 F2:3 lines from the crosses W014204/Zhengzhou 5389 and Fuyu 3/Zhengzhou 5389, respectively, were phenotyped for leaf rust severities during the 2010–2011, 2011–2012 and 2012–2013 cropping seasons in the field at Baoding, Hebei Province, China. A total of 1 215 SSR markers were used to identify the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for leaf rust APR in the two populations. In the W014204/Zhengzhou 5389 population, three QTLs were detected and designated as QLr.hbu-1BL.1, QLr.hbu-2BS.1 and QLr.hbu-7DS, and explained 2.9–8.4, 11.5–38.3 and 8.5–44.5% of the phenotypic variance, respectively; all the resistance alleles at these loci were derived from W014204. In the Fuyu 3/Zhengzhou 5389 population, three QTLs, QLr.hbu-1BL.2, QLr.hbu-2BS.2 and QLr.hbu-7BL, explained 12.0–19.2, 22.3–38.9 and 4.1–4.3% of the phenotypic variance, respectively, and all resistance alleles were contributed by Fuyu 3. Based on chromosome positions of closely linked markers, both QLr.hbu-1BL.1 and QLr.hbu-1BL.2 are Lr46, and QLr.hbu-7DS is Lr34. QLr.hbu-7BL was mapped on chromosome 7BL near to Lr68 and they are likely the same gene. Based on chromosome positions, pedigree and field reactions, the two 2BS QTLs are different from all the known APR genes and are likely to be new APR QTL for leaf rust. These QTLs and their closely linked markers are potentially useful for improving leaf rust resistance in wheat breeding.

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QI Ai-yong, ZHANG Pei-pei, ZHOU Yue, YAO Zhan-jun, LI Zai-feng, LIU Da-qun. Mapping of QTL conferring leaf rust resistance in Chinese wheat lines W014204 and Fuyu 3 at adult plant stage[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2016, 15(1): 18-28.

Defective callose walls and cell plates during abnormal meiosis cause male-sterility in the oat mutant zbs1

燕麦突变体zbs1异常减数分裂过程中缺陷性的胼胝质壁和细胞板导致了植株雄性不育

SHI Xiao, WU Jin-xia, ZHOU Hai-tao, YANG Xiao-hong, LI Tian-liang, ZHANG Xin-jun, YANG Cai, HAN Xiao

在开花植物减数分裂过程中，随着胼胝质壁的降解而新释放的小孢子进一步发育为成熟花粉。在裸燕麦育种过程中，我们分离到了一个显性雄性不育突变体zbs1，该突变体表现为完全的穗不育，这是由无活力花粉引起的，而这些花粉又是由减数分裂过程中有着缺陷胼胝质壁和细胞板的小孢子发育而来的。在这篇文章当中,通过减数分裂过程中对细胞壁抗原表位(β-1,3-glucan)的免疫金标实验我们检测到了异常的胼胝质壁及细胞板。通过碘化丙啶染色方法我们直接观察到了异常的减数分裂。最后，通过扫描电镜观察我们发现zbs1突变体燕麦的成熟花粉有着异常的形状和不正常萌发孔。总之，我们的研究结果表明zbs1燕麦雄性不育突变体产生的真正原因是减数分裂异常。

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SHI Xiao, WU Jin-xia, ZHOU Hai-tao, YANG Xiao-hong, LI Tian-liang, ZHANG Xin-jun, YANG Cai, HAN Xiao. Defective callose walls and cell plates during abnormal meiosis cause male-sterility in the oat mutant zbs1[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2016, 15(2): 241-248.

Characterization of Ppd-D1 alleles on the developmental traits and rhythmic expression of photoperiod genes in common wheat

ZHAO Yong-ying, WANG Xiang, WEI Li, WANG Jing-xuan, YIN Jun

Photoperiodic response is an important characteristic that plays an important role in plant adaptability for various environments. Wheat cultivars grow widely and have high yield potential for the strong photoperiod adaptibility. To assess the photoperiodic response of different genotypes in wheat cultivars, the photoperiodic effects of the Ppd-D1 alleles and the expressions of the related TaGI, TaCO and TaFT genes in Liaochun 10 and Ningchun 36 were investigated under the short-day (6 h light, SD), moderate-day (12 h light, MD) and long-day (24 h light, LD) conditions. Amplicon length comparison indicated that the promoter of Ppd-D1 in Ningchun 36 is intact, while Liaochun 10 presented the partial sequence deletion of Ppd-D1 promoter. The durations of all developmental stages of the two cultivars were reduced by subjection to an extended photoperiod, except for the stamen and pistil differentiation stage in the Liaochun 10 cultivar. The expression levels of the Ppd-D1 alleles and the TaGI, TaCO and TaFT genes associated with the photoperiod pathway were examined over a 24-h period under SD and MD conditions. The relationships of different photoperiodic responses of the two cultivars and the expression of photoperiod pathway genes were analyzed accordingly. The photoperiod insensitive (PI) genotype plants flower early under SD; meanwhile, the abnormal expression of the Ppd-D1a allele is accompanied with an increase in TaFT1 expression and the TaCO expression variation. The results would facilitate molecular breeding in wheat.

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ZHAO Yong-ying, WANG Xiang, WEI Li, WANG Jing-xuan, YIN Jun. Characterization of Ppd-D1 alleles on the developmental traits and rhythmic expression of photoperiod genes in common wheat[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2016, 15(3): 502-511.

Gene and protein expression profiling analysis of young spike development in large spike wheat germplasms

CHEN Dan, ZHANG Jin-peng, LIU Wei-hua, WU Xiao-yang, YANG Xin-ming, LI Xiu-quan, LU Yu-qing, LI Li-hui

穗粒数是小麦产量育种的主要限制因子之一，而多粒种质为小麦穗粒数的遗传改良提供了重要的遗传资源。本研究以小麦多粒种质 (普冰3228, 普冰3504和4844-12) 及其受体亲本Fukuho为研究材料，分析了其在幼穗发育过程中小花分化期的差异表达基因与蛋白质，探讨了小麦多粒特性形成的分子机制。连续两年的农艺性状调查结果表明，3个多粒种质的穗粒数显著高于受体亲本Fukuho。利用Affymetrix小麦全基因组表达芯片技术及iTRAQ-MS/MS蛋白质谱技术，共检测到差异表达基因598个（上调表达为270个，下调表达为328个）及差异表达蛋白280个（上调表达为122个，下调表达为158个）。与受体亲本相比，多粒种质中花发育相关基因Wknox1b、含有AP2结构域的蛋白激酶和转录因子HUA2 的转录水平均显著上调表达。更值得关注的是，SHEPHERD (SHD) 基因的转录和翻译水平在多粒种质中均呈现显著地上调表达。总之，综合基因和蛋白表达谱研究结果揭示多粒种质中的CLAVATA途径和分生组织维持的KNOX protein pathway途径等多个调控网络共同参与多粒性状的形成

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CHEN Dan, ZHANG Jin-peng, LIU Wei-hua, WU Xiao-yang, YANG Xin-ming, LI Xiu-quan, LU Yu-qing, LI Li-hui. Gene and protein expression profiling analysis of young spike development in large spike wheat germplasms[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2016, 15(4): 744-754.

Breeding wheat for drought tolerance: Progress and technologies

Learnmore Mwadzingeni, Hussein Shimelis, Ernest Dube, Mark D Laing, Toi J Tsilo

Recurrent drought associated with climate change is among the principal constraints to global productivity of wheat (Triticum aestivum (L.) and T. turgidum (L.)). Numerous efforts to mitigate drought through breeding resilient varieties are underway across the world. Progress is, however, hampered because drought tolerance is a complex trait that is controlled by many genes and its full expression is affected by the environment. Furthermore, wheat has a structurally intricate and large genome. Consequently, breeding for drought tolerance requires the integration of various knowledge systems and methodologies from multiple disciplines in plant sciences. This review summarizes the progress made in dry land wheat improvement, advances in knowledge, complementary methodologies, and perspectives towards breeding for drought tolerance in the crop to create a coherent overview. Phenotypic, biochemical and genomics-assisted selection methodologies are discussed as leading research components used to exploit genetic variation. Advances in phenomic and genomic technologies are highlighted as options to circumvent existing bottlenecks in phenotypic and genomic selection, and gene transfer. The prospects of further integration of these technologies with other omics technologies are also provided.

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Learnmore Mwadzingeni, Hussein Shimelis, Ernest Dube, Mark D Laing, Toi J Tsilo. Breeding wheat for drought tolerance: Progress and technologies[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2016, 15(05): 935-943.

Polymorphism and association analysis of a drought-resistant gene TaLTP-s in wheat

LI Qian, WANG Jing-yi, Nadia Khan, CHANG Xiao-ping, LIU Hui-min, JING Rui-lian

脂质转运蛋白是一类小分子蛋白，因其能够在细胞膜之间转运脂类物质而命名，已有研究发现该蛋白参与了植物对非生物胁迫响应过程。本研究从小麦A基因组中分离出TaLTP基因TaLTP-s，对不同小麦材料中该基因序列分析结果表明，在启动子区域有7个SNP位点和1个InDel，而在编码区没有多态性差异，基因全长的多态性π值为0.00033，TaLTP-s基因各碱基间存在显著的LD。根据其在启动子区域的核苷酸差异性位点(SNP-207和SNP-1696)开发dCAPS标记，利用开发的标记把自然群体的262份材料分为三种单倍型，这三种单倍型与自然群体材料的农艺性状进行关联分析结果表明：三种单倍型与株高呈显著或极显著相关，HapIII是在干旱条件下增加株高的优异单倍型，其中207 bp位点为G时是增加单株穗数的优异等位变异。TaLTP-s在株高和单株穗数方面开发的功能标记为分子标记辅助育种提供了工具。

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LI Qian, WANG Jing-yi, Nadia Khan, CHANG Xiao-ping, LIU Hui-min, JING Rui-lian. Polymorphism and association analysis of a drought-resistant gene TaLTP-s in wheat[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2016, 15(06): 1198-1206.

Expression pattern and function analyses of the MADS thranscription factor genes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under phosphorusstarvation condition

SHI Shu-ya, ZHANG Fei-fei, GAO Si, XIAO Kai

MADS-box (MADS) transcription factors (TFs) act as one of the largest TF families in plants. The members in this family play fundamental roles in almost every developmental process as well as involve plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, 54 of MADS genes in wheat, including 31 released publicly and 23 deposited as tentative consensus (TC) into GenBank database, were subjected to analyses of molecular characterization, expression pattern, and function under contrasting phosphate (Pi)-supply conditions. The 31 released MADS genes share cDNA full lengths of 683 to 1 297 bp, encoding amino acids of 170 to 274 aa that possess molecular weights of 19.21 to 31.33 kDa and isoelectric points of 5.74 to 9.63. Phylogenetic analysis categoried these wheat MADS genes into four subgroups containing 11, 5, 10, and 4 members, respectively. Under Pi sufficiency, the MADS genes showed drastically varied transcripts and they were categoried into expression groups of high, medium, low, and very low, respectively. Among them, several ones were differentially expressed under Pi deprivation, including that five were upregulated (TaMADS51, TaMADS4, TaMADS5, TaMADS6, and TaMADS18) and four were downregulated (TaMADAGL17, TaMADAGL2, TaMADWM31C, and TaMADS;14). qPCR analyses confirmed their expression patterns in responding to the Pi-starvation stress. TaMADS51, one of the upregulated genes by Pi deprivation, was subjected to the functional analysis in mediating plant tolerance to the Pi-starvation stress. The transgenic tobocco plants overexpressing TaMADS51 exhibited much more improved growth features, drymass, Pi acquisition, and photosynthetic parameters as well as antioxidant enzymatic activities under Pi deprivation than wild type. These results indicate that distinct MADS genes are transcriptional response to Pi deprivation and play critical roles in mediating plant tolerance to this stressor through regulating downstream Pi-responsive genes.

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SHI Shu-ya, ZHANG Fei-fei, GAO Si, XIAO Kai. Expression pattern and function analyses of the MADS thranscription factor genes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under phosphorusstarvation condition[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2016, 15(8): 1703-1715.

Mapping QTLs for stomatal density and size under drought stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) 干旱条件下小麦叶片气孔密度与大小QTL定位

WANG Shu-guang, JIA Shou-shan, SUN Dai-zhen, FAN Hua, CHANG Xiao-ping, JING Rui-lian

气孔密度与大小影响作物的水分利用效率、光合速率，进而影响作物产量。本研究在干旱胁迫和正常灌溉两种水分条件下，利用强抗旱性小麦品种旱选10号与水地高产品种鲁麦14杂交创建的DH群体共150个家系为材料，观察抽穗期、开花期、灌浆中期和灌浆后期小麦旗叶的气孔密度和气孔大小，并进行QTL分析，揭示小麦灌浆期间叶片气孔密度与大小的变异和遗传基础。结果表明：两种水分条件下，籽粒灌浆期间小麦叶片气孔密度逐渐增加，气孔长度和宽度逐渐减少。两种水分条件四个生育时期共检测到40个加性QTL, 44对上位性QTL, 分布在除4B、5B和6D以外的18条染色体上，对表型变异贡献率大多大于10.00%。在干旱胁迫下的抽穗、开花和灌浆中期在5A染色体的标记Xwmc74 和Xgwm291附近均检测到控制气孔密度QTL位点, 而且与先前报道的每穗小穗数、每穗不育小穗数、每穗可育小穗数比率QTL紧密连锁；在干旱胁迫下的抽穗期、开花期和正常灌溉下的灌浆中期和后期均检测到的气孔宽度Qsw-2D-1位点，与先前报道的株高QPH.cgb-2D.1位于相同标记区间，表明这些QTLs参与调控多个性状，对分子育种将是有用的。

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WANG Shu-guang, JIA Shou-shan, SUN Dai-zhen, FAN Hua, CHANG Xiao-ping, JING Rui-lian. Mapping QTLs for stomatal density and size under drought stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2015, 15(9): 1955-1967.

Path analysis and estimation of additive and epistatic gene effects of barley SSD lines

Jan Bocianowski, Katarzyna Górczak, Kamila Nowosad, Wojciech Rybiński, Dariusz Piesik

In the paper presented, 99 single seed descent barley lines as well as their parental forms Roland and Apex were studied. The grain weight components and their interrelations were analyzed using simple coefficients of correlation. The direct and indirect effects of such components on grain weight per plant and 1 000-grain weight were estimated using path analysis. In the 2006 and 2007, the spike length and number of spikelets per spike were the determinants of grain weight. Genetic parameters as additive and epistasis effects were estimated for all studied traits. The results indicate the importance of both additive and epistasis gene effects of number of spikes per plant, grain weight per spike, grain number per plant and grain weight per plant in this study.

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Jan Bocianowski, Katarzyna Górczak, Kamila Nowosad, Wojciech Rybiński, Dariusz Piesik. Path analysis and estimation of additive and epistatic gene effects of barley SSD lines[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2015, 15(9): 1983-1990.

Characterization of A- and B-type starch granules in Chinese wheat cultivars
中国小麦品种淀粉粒特性分析

ZHANG Yan, GUO Qi, FENG Nan, WANG Jin-rong, WANG Shu-jun, HE Zhong-hu

淀粉是小麦面粉的主要组成成分，是影响面制品加工品质的重要因素。本文分析了中国小麦品种和高代品系的淀粉颗粒度分布，并对中麦175、CA12092、轮选987和中优206四个主栽品种（系）的淀粉结构和功能进行了研究。结果表明，小麦品种和高代品系间淀粉颗粒度分布差异较大，第一种植年A-型淀粉粒和B-型淀粉粒体积百分含量的变化范围分别是68.4-88.9% 和 9.7-27.9%，第二种植年分别是74.1-90.1%和 7.2-25.3%；具有较高A-型淀粉粒和B-型淀粉粒体积百分含量的品种可以作为改良淀粉品质的亲本在小麦育种中应用。A-型淀粉粒和B-型淀粉粒具有不同的分子结构、糊化热力学参数和快速黏度仪参数。与B-型淀粉粒相比，A-型淀粉粒具有较多的短程有序分子结构和较少的相对结晶度；较高的糊化起始温度（To）和热焓值（△H）、较低的糊化终止温度（Tc）；较高的糊化峰值黏度、低谷黏度和最终黏度，较低的稀懈值和糊化温度。上述结果可以为培育具有特定淀粉功能的小麦品种提供重要信息。

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ZHANG Yan, GUO Qi, FENG Nan, WANG Jin-rong, WANG Shu-jun, HE Zhong-hu. Characterization of A- and B-type starch granules in Chinese wheat cultivars[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2016, 15(10): 2203-2214.

Functional analysis of a wheat pleiotropic drug resistance gene involved in Fusarium head blight resistance

小麦TaPDR7的克隆及其抗赤霉病功能分析

WANG Gui-ping, HOU Wen-qian, ZHANG Lei, WU Hong-yan, ZHAO Lan-fei, DU Xu-ye, MA Xin, LI An-fei, WANG Hong-wei, KONG Ling-rang

多向耐药性（PDR）基因亚家族是ABC转运蛋白基因家族的一员，参与植物的多种生物学进程。本研究从小麦抗赤霉病品种宁7840中克隆出三个PDR基因，分别定位于染色体6A、6B和6D上，命名为TaPDR7A、 TaPDR7B、 TaPDR7D。为了探究这些基因在小麦抗赤霉病方面的作用，利用实时荧光定量PCR技术分析其在不同条件下的表达，结果表明，利用单花滴注接种禾谷镰刀菌与DON毒素48小时后，上述三个基因表达量大幅上调。利用病毒诱导的基因沉默技术（VIGS）沉默三个TaPDR7基因后，促进了禾谷镰刀菌菌丝在宁7840离体叶片上的生长和蔓延，表明TaPDR7可能通过转运DON毒素而缓解赤霉病发病过程。此外，水杨酸、茉莉酸甲酯和脱落酸对TaPDR7基因具有负调控作用，而吲哚乙酸则具有正向调控作用，暗示植物生长素可能参与小麦赤霉病抗性调控。

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WANG Gui-ping, HOU Wen-qian, ZHANG Lei, WU Hong-yan, ZHAO Lan-fei, DU Xu-ye, MA Xin, LI An-fei, WANG Hong-wei, KONG Ling-rang. Functional analysis of a wheat pleiotropic drug resistance gene involved in Fusarium head blight resistance[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2016, 15(10): 2215-2227.

Identification of a new stripe rust resistance gene in Chinese winter wheat Zhongmai 175
中麦175抗条锈病新基因的鉴定

LU Jia-ling, CHEN Can, LIU Peng, HE Zhong-hu, XIA Xian-chun

条锈病是威胁全球小麦生产的一种重要叶部病害，培育和种植抗病品种是最为经济、环保的防治措施。中麦175是优异冬小麦品种，对小麦条锈菌表现广谱抗性。为了明确中麦175携带的抗条锈病基因，利用中麦175、轮选987及其杂交获得的F1、F2和F2:3群体进行遗传分析。F2和F2:3群体中的抗、感单株分离比表明，中麦175的条锈病抗性由一个显性基因控制，暂命名为YrZM175。结合集群分离分析法和小麦90K SNP芯片数据初步确定YrZM175的位置。随后利用SSR、EST和新开发的KASP标记将YrZM175定位在2A染色体的短臂上，与两侧标记Xgwm636和Xwmc382的连锁距离分别为4.9和8.1 cM。对YrZM175与2AS染色体上的其它抗条锈病基因进行抗谱分析和系谱分析表明，YrZM175可能是一个新的抗条锈病基因。该基因及其连锁的分子标记可用于小麦条锈病抗性育种。

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LU Jia-ling, CHEN Can, LIU Peng, HE Zhong-hu, XIA Xian-chun. Identification of a new stripe rust resistance gene in Chinese winter wheat Zhongmai 175[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2016, 15(11): 2461-2468.

Molecular identification of ω-secalin gene expression activity in a wheat 1B/1R translocation cultivar

小麦1B/1R易位系中ω黑麦碱基因表达活性的分子鉴定

CHAI Jian-fang, ZHANG Cui-mian, MA Xiu-ying, WANG Hai-bo

ω黑麦碱基因是影响小麦1B/1R易位系加工品质的一个重要因素，根据我们从小麦1B/1R易位系兰考906中克隆的4个具有转录活性的ω黑麦碱基因的序列，设计了一对5′端添加限制性酶切位点的特异引物扩增了上述4个基因的成熟蛋白编码序列，扩增片段经酶切纯合后分别连接到原核表达载体pET30a(+)上，将4个原核表达的重组蛋白和兰考906种子表达的醇溶蛋白在同一块酸性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶上进行比较，发现每个原核表达的重组黑麦碱条带均有对应的种子醇溶蛋白条带，经进一步的质谱鉴定，证实这4个对应的醇溶蛋白条带就是相应的黑麦碱，本研究所用的14个小麦1B/1R易位系均能在其种子中检测到这4个ω黑麦碱条带进一步支持了这一结论。这些具有表达活性的ω黑麦碱基因序列的获得为人们利用RNA干扰途径提高小麦1B/1R易位系的加工品质奠定了基础。

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CHAI Jian-fang, ZHANG Cui-mian, MA Xiu-ying, WANG Hai-bo. Molecular identification of ω-secalin gene expression activity in a wheat 1B/1R translocation cultivar[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2016, 15(12): 2712-2718.

Mapping of the heading date gene HdAey2280 in Aegilops tauschii

粗山羊草抽穗期基因HdAey2280的遗传作图

LIU Guo-xiang, ZHANG Li-chao, XIA Chuan, JIA Ji-zeng, ZHANG Jun-cheng, ZHANG Qiang, DONG Chun-hao, KONG Xiu-ying, LIU Xu

适宜的抽穗期是作物高产、稳产的重要保证。本研究利用早抽穗亲本Y2280和晚抽穗亲本Y2282杂交产生F2:3群体，并对F2:3群体的抽穗期进行田间调查。利用公共SSR标记将早抽穗基因HdAey2280定位在粗山羊草染色体7DS上的标记Xwmc438 和Xbarc126之间，遗传距离分别为15cM和9.1cM。进一步研究表明HdAey2280是一个新的抽穗期基因。利用粗山羊测序数据开发新的SSR标记，发现有4对标记与抽穗期基因HdAey2280连锁，最近分子标记距离目标基因1.9cM。本研究结果对以后图位克隆工作和分子标记辅助选择育种工作提供有力帮助。

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LIU Guo-xiang, ZHANG Li-chao, XIA Chuan, JIA Ji-zeng, ZHANG Jun-cheng, ZHANG Qiang, DONG Chun-hao, KONG Xiu-ying, LIU Xu. Mapping of the heading date gene HdAey2280 in Aegilops tauschii[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2016, 15(12): 2719-2725.

Expression and functional analyses of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MPK) cascade genes in response to phytohormones in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

小麦促分裂原蛋白激酶对植物激素的响应特征和功能研究

YAO Su-fei, WANG Yan-xia, YANG Tong-ren, HAO Lin, LU Wen-jing, XIAO Kai

促分裂原蛋白激酶（MAPK）级联途径由三种激酶（MPKKKs、MPKKs和MPKs）组成。该级联途径为生物种属中保守信号转导途径，在介导植物生长、发育及响应内、外部特定信号中发挥重要作用。本项研究以6个小麦MPKKK基因、2个MPKK基因和11个MPK基因为基础，研究了上述MPK级联途径基因对外源植物激素萘乙酸（NAA）、脱落酸（ABA）、6-苄基嘌呤（6-BA）、赤霉素（GA3）、水杨酸（SA）、茉莉酸（JA）和乙烯（ETH）的响应特征。表达分析表明，部分上述小麦MPK基因对特定外源激素产生明显应答。其中，TaMPKKKA;3 的表达受到6-BA 和NAA诱导；TaMPK4 的表达受到ETH、 GA3、SA和JA抑制；TaMPKKKA、TaMPKKKA;3 和TaMPK1 的表达在ETH和GA3处理后下调；TaMPK9 和TaMPK12 的表达受到ETH和JA抑制。此外，TaMPK12 还呈GA3处理后下调; TaMPK12;1 在ABA、GA3 和SA 处理后表达下调；TaMPK17 在所有外源激素处理后均呈下调表达特征。作者先前研究表明，TaMPK4 在介导植株低于低磷胁迫中发挥重要作用。基于本项研究发现该基因在GA3、ETH、SA和JA处理后的表达明显改变，作者对该基因介导植株应答上述激素的特征进行了研究。结果表明，在烟草中超表达或反义表达TaMPK4 使植株应答GA3、SA 和JA的响应发生明显变化，与野生型植株（对照）相比，超表达植株和反义表达植株在激素处理后的生长分别呈变差特征和得到显著改善，且转基因植株中的植株生长特征与干物质积累量及相关激素调控性状密切相关。上述结果表明，TaMPK4 在介导植株对GA3、SA 和JA的响应中扮演着重要角色。综上，本项研究较系统地鉴定了小麦种属MPK级联途径基因对外源激素的应答模式，揭示了特定小麦MPK成员在介导植株应答外源激素中的生物学功能。

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YAO Su-fei, WANG Yan-xia, YANG Tong-ren, HAO Lin, LU Wen-jing, XIAO Kai. Expression and functional analyses of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MPK) cascade genes in response to phytohormones in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2017, 16(01): 27-35.

QTL mapping revealed TaVp-1A conferred pre-harvest sprouting resistance in wheat population Yanda 1817×Beinong 6
小麦燕大1817×北农6号重组自交系群体穗发芽抗性与 TaVp-1A相关

小麦穗发芽在世界小麦主产区经常发生，严重影响产量和品质，并导致重大经济损失。利用燕大1817×北农6号的269个重组自交系群体和已经构建的高密度SNP和SSR遗传连锁图谱，对两年（2012和2013年）两点（北京和河北石家庄）的穗发芽性状进行了QTL定位。采用完备区间做图法定位到5个与穗发芽抗性相关的QTL位点,QPhs.cau-3A.1, QPhs.cau-3A.2, QPhs.cau-5B, QPhs.cau-4A和 QPhs.cau-6A, 其中两个主效QTL位点 QPhs.cau-3A.2和QPhs.cau-5B分别可以解释6.29-21.65% 和 4.36-5.94% 的表型变异。比较基因组学分析和精细定位表明 TaVp-1A基因所在的3AL基因组区域与QTL位点QPhs.cau-3A.2相关。在QPhs.cau-3A.2及其相邻基因组区域开发了多个SNP标记，可以应用于该穗发芽抗性QTL位点向高产小麦品种的导入和分子标记辅助选择育种。

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ZHOU Sheng-hui, FU Lin, WU Qiu-hong, CHEN Jiao-jiao, CHEN Yong-xing, XIE Jing-zhong, WANG Zhen-zhong, WANG Guo-xin, ZHANG De-yun, LIANG Yong, ZHANG Yan, OU Ming-shan, LIANG Rong-qi, HAN Jun, LIU Zhi-yong. QTL mapping revealed TaVp-1A conferred pre-harvest sprouting resistance in wheat population Yanda 1817×Beinong 6[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2017, 16(02): 435-444.

Identification of a major QTL for flag leaf glaucousness using a high-density SNP marker genetic map in hexaploid wheat
利用高密度SNP标记遗传图谱鉴定小麦旗叶白霜性状的主效QTL

LI Chun-lian, LI Ting-ting, LIU Tian-xiang, SUN Zhong-pei, BAI Gui-hua, JIN Feng, WANG Yong, WANG Zhong-hua

植物表皮蜡质在抵御生物和非生物胁迫中起到了重要的作用。表皮蜡质在植物表面通常形成可见的白霜状表型。本研究采用来自Heyne和Lakin杂交的RIL群体构建高密度遗传图谱，并进行小麦旗叶白霜状QTL分析。构建的遗传图谱覆盖了小麦21个连锁群，包括2068个单核苷酸多态性（SNP）标记和157个简单序列重复（SSR）标记，遗传总长度为2381.19 cM，标记间平均长度为1.07 cM。在3AL和2DS染色体上共鉴定出白霜状等位基因均来自Lakin的两个QTL，其中QFlg.hwwgr-3AL在所有环境中均检测到，为主效QTL，位于3AL染色体上的IWA1831和IWA8374标记区间（区间长度为4.4 cM），可解释17.5-37.8 %的表型变异；QFlg.hwwgr-2DS仅在一个环境（2014年杨凌）中检测到，位于2DS染色体的IWA1939和Xgwm261标记区间，解释的表型变异为11.3 %。QFlg.hwwgr-3AL和QFlg.hwwgr-2DS均与环境互作，互作效应分别解释3.5 %和4.4 %的表型变异。本研究表明：小麦的旗叶白霜性状受不同的QTL或基因控制，且易受环境影响。

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LI Chun-lian, LI Ting-ting, LIU Tian-xiang, SUN Zhong-pei, BAI Gui-hua, JIN Feng, WANG Yong, WANG Zhong-hua. Identification of a major QTL for flag leaf glaucousness using a high-density SNP marker genetic map in hexaploid wheat[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2017, 16(02): 445-453.

Genetic dissection of the sensory and textural properties of Chinese white noodles using a specific RIL population
利用特定RIL群体对中国白面条感官品质和质构特性的遗传解析

LI Wen-jing, DENG Zhi-ying, CHEN Guang-feng, CHEN Fang, LI Xing-feng, TIAN Ji-chun

以糯性小麦糯米1号（NM1）和藁城8901（Gc8901）构建的RIL群体为材料，解析控制中国白面条感官品质和质构特性的遗传特性。为了明确环境条件对QTL分析的影响，在3个不同的环境下对RIL群体进行了测定。3个环境中共检测到控制17个感官品质和质构特性的45个加性QTL位点，分布于15条染色体上，这些QTL位点解释的表型变异范围为4.23%-42.68%。19个主效QTL位点定位于1B，1D，2A，3B，3D，4A和 6A染色体上，单个QTL位点贡献率均超过10%。在2B (3 个QTL)，3B (11个 QTL) 和4A (5 个QTL) 染色体上检测到QTL簇，其中位于4A染色体上的QTL簇位于标记Wx-B1附近。位于3B染色体上QTL 簇wPt666008-wPt5870间的2个主效QTL Qadh.sdau-3B.1 和 Qspr.sdau-3B.1在3个不同环境下均被检测到，这两个QTL有望直接用于改良面条质构特性。本研究为利用分子标记辅助选择方法选择和培育面条小麦新品种提供了依据。

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LI Wen-jing, DENG Zhi-ying, CHEN Guang-feng, CHEN Fang, LI Xing-feng, TIAN Ji-chun. Genetic dissection of the sensory and textural properties of Chinese white noodles using a specific RIL population[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2017, 16(02): 454-463.

Fine mapping of powdery mildew resistance gene PmTm4 in wheat using comparative genomics

利用比较基因组学精细定位小麦抗白粉病基因PmTm4

XIE Jing-zhong, WANG Li-li, WANG Yong, ZHANG Huai-zhi, ZHOU Sheng-hui, WU Qiu-hong, CHEN Yong-xing, WANG Zhen-zhong, WANG Guo-xin, ZHANG De-yun, ZHANG Yan, HU Tie-zhu, LIU Zhi-yong

由布氏白粉菌引起的白粉病是小麦重要的病害之一，发掘和利用小麦品种中的抗白粉病基因是控制白粉病危害最经济有效的途径。遗传分析表明小麦品系唐麦4号对小麦白粉病菌系E09的抗性系显性单基因PmTm4控制，通过比较基因组学分析开发与 PmTm4 紧密连锁的分子标记和利用大的分离群体构建PmTm4精细遗传连锁图谱，将PmTm4定位于小麦7BL染色体0.66 cM的遗传区间。在粗山羊草7DL染色体上找到了PmTm4对应的直系同源基因组区段，基因注释表明其含有2个抗病基因相似系列。本研究所开发的与PmTm4基因紧密连锁的分子标记和在粗山羊草7DL染色体上找到的同源区段序列为在7BL染色体上进行染色体登陆图位克隆抗白粉病基因PmTm4奠定了基础。

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XIE Jing-zhong, WANG Li-li, WANG Yong, ZHANG Huai-zhi, ZHOU Sheng-hui, WU Qiu-hong, CHEN Yong-xing, WANG Zhen-zhong, WANG Guo-xin, ZHANG De-yun, ZHANG Yan, HU Tie-zhu, LIU Zhi-yong. Fine mapping of powdery mildew resistance gene PmTm4 in wheat using comparative genomics[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2017, 16(03): 540-550.

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms, mapping and association analysis of 1-FFT-A1 gene in wheat

小麦果聚糖合成酶基因1-FFT-A1的多态性、基因定位及关联分析

YUE Ai-qin, LI Ang, MAO Xin-guo, CHANG Xiao-ping, LI Run-zhi, JING Rui-lian

小麦果聚糖合成酶基因1-FFT是果聚糖合成过程中的关键酶基因，研究小麦1-FFT-A1的多态性，进行遗传定位，以及标记-表型性状关联分析。以25份六倍体普通小麦及其二倍体野生近缘种UR208为材料，通过测序分析1-FFT-A1的序列多态性；利用RIL群体(偃展1号×内乡188)对基因进行遗传定位；根据1-FFT-A1序列多态性,开发分子标记，以154份普通小麦组成的自然群体为材料分析基因单倍型与表型性状的关联特性。在25份小麦材料和UR208中检测到96个核苷酸多态性位点，其中15个位点导致氨基酸变异，构成四种1-FFT-A1基因单倍型；根据多态性位点InDel21-39和SNP-2164开发了分子标记M39和M2164；利用RIL群体将该基因定位于染色体4A的标记Xcwm27与6-SFT-A1之间，与2个侧翼标记的遗传距离分别为3.5 cM和2.0 cM；关联分析表明，两个标记与茎秆可溶性糖、千粒重和穗下节长显著相关；1-FFT-A1单倍型与千粒重、穗下节长和每穗小穗数显著相关，其中HapIII为提高千粒重、穗下节长和每穗小穗数的优异单倍型。小麦1-FFT-A1位于染色体4A，HapIII为提高千粒重、穗下节长和每穗小穗数的优异单倍型。

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YUE Ai-qin, LI Ang, MAO Xin-guo, CHANG Xiao-ping, LI Run-zhi, JING Rui-lian. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms, mapping and association analysis of 1-FFT-A1 gene in wheat[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2017, 16(04): 789-799.

The allelic distribution and variation analysis of the NAM-B1 gene in Chinese wheat cultivars

NAM-B1基因在中国普通小麦中的分布和变异分析

CHEN Xue-yan, SONG Guo-qi, ZHANG Shu-juan, LI Yu-lian, GAO Jie, Islam Shahidul, MA Wu-jun, LI Gen-ying, JI Wan-quan

NAM-B1基因是NAC（NAM，ATAF和 CUC）转录因子家族中的成员之一，对调节小麦籽粒蛋白质含量起着重要的作用。最初的NAM-B1基因被发现在许多四倍体野二粒小麦中和极少数驯化的二粒小麦品种中。然而，目前在六倍体的栽培小麦中很少被发现，尤其在中国的普通小麦中分布尚不清楚，也没有相关研究的报道。本研究利用收集来自中国的五大冬麦区12个省218份小麦的品种进行研究，结果表明，仅有53份（24.5 %）的供试材料里包含了NAM-B1基因，其余的165份（75.5 %）材料里并没有检测到该基因存在。进一步分析发现在53份中国普通小麦中含有的NAM-B1基因并不是具有功能的野生型NAM-B1基因，而是由于编码区1-bp碱基的插入导致移码框突变，这一突变引起序列提前终止，使其功能丧失。在这53份材料中发现其中21份材料的DNA序列存在多态性，但是经过cDNA序列比较分析发现，发生在编码区的新变异没有起到恢复NAM-B1基因（1-bp插入）功能的作用。由此，通过在中国普通小麦中大范围的筛选野生型NAM-B1基因，了解NAM-B1基因（插入型和缺失型）在中国品种中的分布情况，为中国及其他国家的小麦育种工作者在小麦品质改良方面提供理论参考和指导。

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CHEN Xue-yan, SONG Guo-qi, ZHANG Shu-juan, LI Yu-lian, GAO Jie, Islam Shahidul, MA Wu-jun, LI Gen-ying, JI Wan-quan. The allelic distribution and variation analysis of the NAM-B1 gene in Chinese wheat cultivars[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2017, 16(06): 1294-1303.

Agronomic characterization and genetic analysis of the supernumerary spikelet in tetraploid wheat (Triticum turgidum L.)

四倍体圆锥小麦（Triticum turgidum L.）超数小穗性状的遗传与农艺性状分析

ZHANG Rui-qi, HOU Fu, CHEN Juan, CHEN Shu-lin, XING Li-ping, FENG Yi-gao, CAO Ai-zhong

圆锥小麦（AABB）的超数小穗性状能显著增加每穗小穗数和穗粒数，从而增加库的贮藏能力，对提高小麦产量具有潜在的利用价值。为了深入理解圆锥小麦不同超数小穗类型的遗传特性及对主要农艺性状的影响，本研究通过连续回交和穗型选择，在硬粒小麦ZY1286背景下选育了一套具有不同穗部形态的近等基因系。其中，近等系bh-50是正常的小麦穗型，bh-51是四排穗穗型，bh-52是短的分枝穗穗型，bh-53是长的分枝穗穗型。主要农艺性状分析结果表明，具有超数小穗的近等系bh-51、bh-52和bh-53相比正常穗近等系bh-50，每穗小穗数和穗粒数均显著增加，且bh-53增加的幅度大于bh-51和bh-52，但bh-53的千粒重显著低于其它三个系，生育期也较其它三个系晚5-7天。利用bh-50/bh-51和bh-51/bh-53的F2群体遗传分析表明，圆锥小麦穗型从正常穗转变到四排穗由隐性单基因控制，从四排穗转变到分枝穗再由一个显性单基因控制。另外，控制侧枝分生组织的基因TtBH/WFZP 在近等系的同源序列分析结果表明，所有具有超数小穗性状的圆锥小麦与正常穗相比，在ORF区域发生了一个SNP突变，该突变可能是导致小麦外稃和护颖之间产生侧生分生组织的原因，形成的侧生分生组织是发育成小穗还是分枝可能还需要另一个基因控制。本研究的结果有助于进一步理解超数小穗的遗传特性及分子基础。

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ZHANG Rui-qi, HOU Fu, CHEN Juan, CHEN Shu-lin, XING Li-ping, FENG Yi-gao, CAO Ai-zhong. Agronomic characterization and genetic analysis of the supernumerary spikelet in tetraploid wheat (Triticum turgidum L.)[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2017, 16(06): 1304-1311.

A rapid and cost effective protocol for plant genomic DNA isolation using regenerated silica columns in combination with CTAB extraction

FU Ze-yu, SONG Jian-cheng, Paula E. Jameson

Isolation of high quality DNA from multiple samples can be both time-consuming and expensive. We have developed a combined protocol to reduce the time component of the hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) extraction method and reduced costs by regenerating the silica columns used to purify genomic DNA. We present data that shows, by increasing the temperature used during the CTAB method, the time required to extract crude genomic DNA can be reduced. We show that silica columns can be regenerated using HCl and still maintain their DNA-binding capacity. Furthermore, we show both spectrophotometrically, and by restriction enzyme cutting, that the quality of the eluted DNA is high. Critically, using both genomic DNA from pea and perennial ryegrass we demonstrate, using species-specific PCR primers, that there is no carry-over of DNA from repeated use of a single column. The main advantages of the method are high yield, high quality, cost effectiveness and time-saving. This method could satisfy demand when large numbers of plant genomic DNA samples are required, for example from targeting induced local lesions in genomes (TILLING) populations.

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FU Ze-yu, SONG Jian-cheng, Paula E. Jameson. A rapid and cost effective protocol for plant genomic DNA isolation using regenerated silica columns in combination with CTAB extraction[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2017, 17(08): 1682-1688.

Genetic behavior of Triticum aestivum–Dasypyrum villosum translocation chromosomes T6V#4S·6DL and T6V#2S·6AL carrying powdery mildew resistance

携带白粉病抗性的小麦-簇毛麦易位染色体T6V＃4S·6DL和T6V＃2S·6AL的遗传行为

LIU Chang, YE Xing-guo, WANG Mei-jiao, LI Shi-jin, LIN Zhi-shan

小麦和不同来源的簇毛麦杂交获得的T6V＃4S·6DL和T6V＃2S·6AL易位染色体具有良好的白粉病抗性，但它们的配对与聚合行为尚不清楚。本研究结果表明，根据FISH的分析，两个不同来源的6VS染色体臂在其杂种F1中相互配对的频率为18.9%。携带T6V#4S·6DL的易位系Pm97033与感病小麦品种宛7107的杂种F2代中，抗病植株少于理论值。但在T6V#2S·6AL 与T6V#4S·6DL两个易位系间的杂种F2中，抗、感植株的比例符合15:1的分离比。分子标记显示，在其杂种F2群体中含T6V＃4S·6DL或T6V＃2S·6AL的植株分离比（纯合：杂合：缺失）符合理论值1：2：1，推断两个外源染色体臂间的配对有利于T6V＃4S·6DL染色体从F1到F2代的传递。在含有两对易位染色体的纯合植株中，21％的花粉母细胞（PMCs）也观察到了四价体。6V＃2S和6V＃4S之间染色体的配对表明了有可能获得2个不同染色体臂间的重组子，并因此阐明2条外源染色体臂上的PM抗病基因是否相同。

Cite this article:

LIU Chang, YE Xing-guo, WANG Mei-jiao, LI Shi-jin, LIN Zhi-shan. Genetic behavior of Triticum aestivum–Dasypyrum villosum translocation chromosomes T6V#4S·6DL and T6V#2S·6AL carrying powdery mildew resistance[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2017, 16(10): 2136-2144.

Conditional and unconditional QTLs mapping of gluten strength in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

小麦面筋强度相关性状条件及非条件QTL定位

LIU Tong-tong, LIU Kai, WANG Fang-fang, ZHANG Ying, LI Qing-fang, ZHANG Kai-ran, XIE Chu-peng, TIAN Ji-chun, CHEN Jian-sheng

解析面筋相关性状之间的遗传关系对优质小麦育种具有重要意义。本研究利用山农01-35×藁城9411重组自交系(RIL)群体(含173个F8:9株系)，使用QTLNetwork2.0软件，对3个环境下的面筋强度相关性状沉淀值及面筋指数进行QTL连锁分析。其中，在非条件QTL分析中共检测到7个控制面筋强度的加性QTL位点。QGi1D-13和QSv1D-14在条件及非条件分析中都能检测到，解释9.15%–45.08%的表型变异。而在条件QTL分析中，检测到的基因位点都集中在以下3个区间：WPT-3743-GLU-D1 (1D), WPT-7001-WMC258 (1B)，WPT-8682-WPT-5562(1B)。另外，还检测到分布在9条染色体上的6对上位性QTL位点。2个主效QTL位点（QGi1D-13, QSv1D-14）和12对上位性QTL都检测到与环境互作效应。结果表明，1B和1D染色体对普通小麦面筋强度改良具有重要意义；通过条件及非条件QTL定位2种分析方法有利于更好的解析各性状之间在分子水平上的相互关系。

Cite this article:

LIU Tong-tong, LIU Kai, WANG Fang-fang, ZHANG Ying, LI Qing-fang, ZHANG Kai-ran, XIE Chu-peng, TIAN Ji-chun, CHEN Jian-sheng. Conditional and unconditional QTLs mapping of gluten strength in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2017, 16(10): 2145-2155.

iTRAQ-based quantitative proteome characterization of wheat grains during filling stages

灌浆期小麦籽粒的iTRAQ定量蛋白质组学研究

CUI Yong, YANG Ming-ming, DONG Jian, ZHAO Wan-chun, GAO Xiang

本研究利用同位素标记相对和绝对定量 (iTRAQ) 技术及相应分析方法，在小麦灌浆期4个子时期鉴定出7069个蛋白。其中，859个蛋白于试验检测期间出现2倍以上的差异表达。高分子谷蛋白亚基 (W5AIU1)、低分子谷蛋白亚基 (Q8W3V4)、醇溶/燕麦蛋白 (D2KFG9)、燕麦蛋白 (W5DVL2) 等差异表达蛋白 (DEPs) 与小麦营养品质及面包烘焙品质密切相关，且这些蛋白的含量在检测期间显著增加。本研究还通过统计分析技术对蛋白进行聚类分析，并利用相应数据库对鉴定蛋白的功能及其及相互关系进行了推测。

Cite this article:

CUI Yong, YANG Ming-ming, DONG Jian, ZHAO Wan-chun, GAO Xiang. iTRAQ-based quantitative proteome characterization of wheat grains during filling stages[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2017, 16(10): 2156-2167.

Novel and favorable genomic regions for spike related traits in a wheat germplasm Pubing 3504 with high grain number per spike under varying environments

小麦多粒种质普冰3504穗部相关性状新基因组区段的发掘

CHEN Dan, WU Xiao-yang, WU Kuo, ZHANG Jin-peng, LIU Wei-hua, YANG Xin-ming, LI Xiu-quan, LU Yu-qing, LI Li-hui

穗粒数是小麦产量的重要因子。小麦新种质普冰3504在穗部性状上表现优异。为了剖析其穗部及产量相关性状的遗传本质，本研究构建了普冰3504与京4839的F2:3 遗传分离群体，共282个单株，并对7个穗部及产量相关性状进行调查，包括穗粒数、穗长、小穗粒数、每穗小穗数、千粒重、有效分蘖数及株高。相关分析结果表明，穗粒数与小穗粒数，每穗小穗数和穗长均存在显著正相关，尤其是与小穗粒数相关系数最高；利用190对SSR，EST-SSR及STS分子标记构建了遗传连锁图谱；共检测到QTL位点37个（单环境分析）和25个（联合分析）。所有性状中70.3%（单环境分析）和57.6%（联合环境分析）QTL位点加性增效效应由普冰3504所提供。共发现5个表现稳定的重要基因组区段，分布于1A、4A、4B、2D和4D染色体上。其中，1A染色体短臂xgwm357-barc83基因组区段是一个新发现的可以显著提高穗部性状且表现稳定的基因组区段，包含穗粒数、小穗粒数、每穗小穗数、千粒重和有效分蘖数的主效QTL，此区段可能在今后提高小麦穗粒数育种中发挥关键作用。我们推测此区段与普冰3504多粒特性形成有关。

Cite this article:

CHEN Dan, WU Xiao-yang, WU Kuo, ZHANG Jin-peng, LIU Wei-hua, YANG Xin-ming, LI Xiu-quan, LU Yu-qing, LI Li-hui. Novel and favorable genomic regions for spike related traits in a wheat germplasm Pubing 3504 with high grain number per spike under varying environments[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2017, 16(11): 2386-2401.

Transgenic approaches for improving use efficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in crops
利用转基因技术改良农作物氮磷钾养分利用效率的研究进展

TENG Wan, HE Xue, TONG Yi-ping

绿色革命以来粮食产量的增加很大程度上依赖化肥的使用。为缓解大量使用化肥所带来的资源与环境压力，需要新的绿色革命以改良农作物吸收利用氮、磷、钾等养分的效率。农作物吸收利用氮、磷、钾的效率受复杂的基因网络调控，参与和调控根系生长发育、以及养分元素吸收、再分配和同化的基因已被用于提高农作物的养分效率。

Cite this article:

TENG Wan, HE Xue, TONG Yi-ping. Transgenic approaches for improving use efficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in crops[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2017, 16(12): 2657-2673.

Genomics-assisted breeding - A revolutionary strategy for crop improvement
全基因组辅助育种 - 作物改良的革命性策略

LENG Peng-fei, Thomas Lübberstedt, XU Ming-liang

生物和非生物胁迫造成作物产量损失，引起粮食短缺。随着分子生物学和分子标记技术的发展，极大加快了作物育种的进程，分子育种的新时代已经来临。高通量基因型鉴定和表型分析平台的建立，使得大规模标记-性状的关联，如全基因组关联分析，成为可能，从而精确解析作物性状的遗传结构。大规模重要农艺性状数量位点的定位，基因克隆和特征分析，优良等位基因/单倍型的挖掘，自然优良变异的开发利用，以及基因组选择为全基因组辅助育种铺平了道路。借助于越来越多作物基因组信息，全基因组辅助育种成为一种极具前景的方法来加快作物改良进程。

Cite this article:

LENG Peng-fei, Thomas Lübberstedt, XU Ming-liang. Genomics-assisted breeding - A revolutionary strategy for crop improvement[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2017, 16(12): 2674-2685.

Identification of the resistance gene to powdery mildew in Chinese wheat landrace Baiyouyantiao

中国小麦农家品种白蚰蜒条的抗白粉病基因定位

XU Xiao-dan, FENG Jing, FAN Jie-ru, LIU Zhi-yong, LI Qiang, ZHOU Yi-lin, MA Zhan-hong

小麦白粉病是由布氏禾谷白粉菌小麦专化型（Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici）引起的世界性小麦病害。培育抗病品种是防治小麦白粉病最为经济、有效和安全的措施。我国小麦农家种对病害具有较好抗性，定位小麦农家种的抗白粉病基因，将为优良品种的抗病性遗传改良提供重要依据。本研究以农家抗病品种白蚰蜒条为父本，以感病品种京双16为母本，杂交获得F1、BC1、F2和F2:3家系，通过对各分离世代接种小麦白粉菌株E09进行抗白粉性遗传分析，发现白蚰蜒条对E09的抗性由一对隐性基因控制，命名为PmBYYT；利用Illumina小麦90K SNP基因芯片分析由F2构建的抗感池间的多态性，根据多态性SNP在染色体上的分布将PmBYYT定位于染色体7B上；利用2个SSR标记和8个SNP标记构建了PmBYYT 的遗传连锁图谱，PmBYYT 两翼标记分别为W7BL-8和W7BL-15，遗传距离分别为3 cM和2.9 cM。本研究表明，利用小麦90K SNP基因芯片可以较快捷地定位抗病基因的染色体位置；与抗病基因PmBYYT紧密连锁的标记将有助于利用分子标记辅助选育抗白粉病新品种及该基因的图位克隆。

Cite this article:

XU Xiao-dan, FENG Jing, FAN Jie-ru, LIU Zhi-yong, LI Qiang, ZHOU Yi-lin, MA Zhan-hong. Identification of the resistance gene to powdery mildew in Chinese wheat landrace Baiyouyantiao[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2018, 17(01): 37-45

A dCAPS marker developed from a stress associated protein gene TaSAP7-B governing grain size and plant height in wheat

不同水分条件下与小麦千粒重和株高相关的TaSAP7-B dCAPS标记开发

WANG Yi-xue, XU Qiao-fang, CHANG Xiao-ping, HAO Chen-yang, LI Run-zhi, JING Rui-lian

胁迫相关蛋白（SAPs）是一类具有A20和（或）AN1结构域的锌指蛋白，广泛参与植物对逆境胁迫的应答反应。本研究从小麦B基因组中克隆到具有两个AN1结构域的TaSAP7-B基因。序列分析结果显示，在TaSAP7-B编码区未发现多态性差异；启动子区发现1个SNP和1个InDel。根据启动子区的SNP，成功开发了dCAPS标记SNP-260。利用该标记将包含262份小麦材料的自然群体分为了两种单倍型，与农艺性状的关联分析结果显示其与株高、穗下节长、倒二节长、单株穗数和千粒重显著关联。在不同的水分管理条件下，单倍型Hap-B-2是增加千粒重和降低株高的优异单倍型，该标记的开发为选育高千粒重和较低株高的小麦材料提供了参考。

Cite this article:

WANG Yi-xue, XU Qiao-fang, CHANG Xiao-ping, HAO Chen-yang, LI Run-zhi, JING Rui-lian. A dCAPS marker developed from a stress associated protein gene TaSAP7-B governing grain size and plant height in wheat[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2018, 17(2): 276-284.

A major quantitative trait locus controlling phosphorus utilization efficiency under different phytate-P conditions at vegetative stage in barley

GAO Shang-qing, CHEN Guang-deng, HU De-yi, ZHANG Xi-zhou, LI Ting-xuan, LIU Shi-hang, LIU Chun-ji

有机磷是土壤磷库的重要组成部分，它已被证实为植物的一个潜在磷源。本研究在不同植酸磷处理条件下（低植酸磷0.05mmol L-1和正常植酸磷0.5 m mol L-1），以磷低效基因型大麦（Baudin）和磷高效基因型大麦（CN4027）进行杂交获得的128个大麦重组自交系群体为试验材料，调查了大麦营养生长期磷利用效率、分蘖数，地上部干重和根干重。对群体进行QTL分析结果显示，在地上部和根部存在一个控制磷利用效率的主效QTKL位点Qpue.sau-3H位于染色体3H上，来自CN4027的等位基因可以提高磷利用效率。在低植酸磷和正常植酸磷条件下，该位点分别解释了大麦地上部30.3%和28.4%的表型变异度，根部28.3%和30.7％的表型变异度。同时，研究结果还显示，分蘖数与磷利用效率相关性不显著，控制该群体分蘖数的QTL位点位于染色体5H上。然而，干重与磷利用效率之间呈显著正相关关系，并且在Qpue.sau-3H位点区域检测到一个控制干重的QTL位点。基于协方差分析去除干重的影响效果后再次定位结果表明，虽然干重可能影响磷利用效率，但是在群体中的这两个性状是由该位点区域的不同基因位点参与控制的。

Cite this article:

GAO Shang-qing, CHEN Guang-deng, HU De-yi, ZHANG Xi-zhou, LI Ting-xuan, LIU Shi-hang, LIU Chun-ji. A major quantitative trait locus controlling phosphorus utilization efficiency under different phytate-P conditions at vegetative stage in barley[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2018, 17(2): 285-295.

A wheat gene TaSAP17-D encoding an AN1/AN1 zinc finger protein improves salt stress tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis
小麦AN1/AN1型锌指蛋白基因TaSAP17-D能够增强转基因拟南芥的耐盐性

XU Qiao-fang, MAO Xin-guo, WANG Yi-xue, WANG Jing-yi, XI Ya-jun, JING Rui-lian

胁迫相关蛋白（SAP）是一类存在于动植物中的多基因家族，它的功能在一些动植物中已经被发现，但是目前在小麦中的研究仍不清楚。本研究克隆的一类具有AN1/AN1保守结构域的SAP基因TaSAP17-D。亚细胞定位表明，其在细胞核、细胞质和细胞膜上均有表达；表达模式分析表明，其在小麦苗期叶中表达量最高，并且响应盐，冷，PEG和外源ABA；通过提高耐盐相关的胁迫响应基因的表达从而改变多种生理性状，提高转基因拟南芥的耐盐性。研究表明，TaSAP17-D可以作为保护作物免受盐胁迫危害的候选基因。

Cite this article:

XU Qiao-fang, MAO Xin-guo, WANG Yi-xue, WANG Jing-yi, XI Ya-jun, JING Rui-lian. A wheat gene TaSAP17-D encoding an AN1/AN1 zinc finger protein improves salt stress tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2018, 17(03): 507-516.

Genetic characteristics of a wheat founder parent and a widely planted cultivar derived from the same cross
来自同一个组合的小麦骨干亲本和大面积种植品种的遗传特征分析

CHANG Li-fang, LI Hui-hui, WU Xiao-yang, LU Yu-qing, ZHANG Jin-peng, YANG Xin-ming, LI Xiu-quan, LIU Wei-hua, LI Li-hui

骨干亲本为小麦育种改良和生产做出了巨大贡献。碧蚂4号是中国小麦育种中广泛利用的骨干亲本，衍生自“蚂蚱麦/碧玉麦”组合，其姊妹系碧蚂1号是大面积种植品种，而碧蚂2，3，5和6号既不是骨干亲本也未在生产上广泛利用。本文利用小麦90K SNP芯片分析了蚂蚱麦、碧玉麦及碧蚂1~6号姊妹系的基因型，结合8个产量相关性状多个环境的表型考察，分别从农艺性状、SNP位点组成、基因组区段构成方面揭示了骨干亲本和大面积种植品种的遗传构成特征。结果发现，相对于未被生产利用的碧蚂2、3、5、6号，骨干亲本碧蚂4号和大面积种植品种碧蚂1号的综合性状更为优良；碧蚂1号的千粒重较碧蚂4号高，而碧蚂4号多数性状在不同环境下变异幅度相对较小，具有更广泛的适应性。在SNP位点组成上，碧蚂1号和碧蚂4号从蚂蚱麦基因组中继承了相似的遗传成分，聚为一类，且明显不同于其它姊妹系；碧蚂1号和碧蚂4号均具有不同于其他姊妹系的特异等位变异，多数特异等位变异集中分布于特定的基因组区域，形成特异基因组区段，并且这些特异区段多数与优异QTL位点相关。与大面积种植品种碧蚂1号相比，骨干亲本碧蚂4号具有更多的特异等位变异和与优异QTL相关的特异基因组区段，表明骨干亲本具有相对复杂的基因组和优异的基因资源。骨干亲本和大面积种植品种分别具有不同的表型特征和基因组特征，这将为小麦乃至自花授粉作物育种中的亲本选择提供重要指导。

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CHANG Li-fang, LI Hui-hui, WU Xiao-yang, LU Yu-qing, ZHANG Jin-peng, YANG Xin-ming, LI Xiu-quan, LIU Wei-hua, LI Li-hui. Genetic characteristics of a wheat founder parent and a widely planted cultivar derived from the same cross. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2018, 17(04): 775-785.

Evaluation of a new method for quantification of heat tolerance in different wheat cultivars
小麦品种耐热性鉴定新方法评估

LI Qiang, WANG Zheng-rui, LI Ding, WEI Jian-wei, QIAO Wen-chen, MENG Xiang-hai, SUN Shu-luan, LI Hui-min, ZHAO Ming-hui, CHEN Xiu-min, ZHAO Feng-wu

热胁迫严重影响着世界各地小麦的产量。目前耐热性研究仍是小麦遗传育种中最薄弱领域，缺少热胁迫强度量化及小麦品种耐热性鉴定的有效方法。本研究利用不同小麦品种，对热胁迫强度(δ)量化，建立一种新的小麦品种耐热性鉴定方法，并与其它三种方法比较。研究表明，耐热性鉴定新指标HTI可以同时指示小麦品种的产量潜力和稳产性。热胁迫处理于品种80%开花后进行。热胁迫强度分析表明，超高温胁迫严重影响千粒重，持续高温严重影响产量。方法评价表明，与自然温度的温差5℃是一种合适的热处理方法。HTI与胁迫下产量正相关(r=0.8657, δ2010=0.15, in 2009-2010; r=0.8418, δ2011=0.20, in 2010-2011; P<0.01)，与胁迫下产量减产率负相关(r=-0.8344, in 2009-2010; r=-0.7158, in 2010-2011; P<0.01)。本研究结果验证了耐热性鉴定新指标HTI和温差控制可以定量鉴定小麦品种耐热性，包括不同小麦品种产量潜力和热胁迫下的稳产性。此外，10个小麦品种的耐热性指标HTI较高，应在小麦耐热育种中进一步验证其耐热特性的应用。

Cite this article:

LI Qiang, WANG Zheng-rui, LI Ding, WEI Jian-wei, QIAO Wen-chen, MENG Xiang-hai, SUN Shu-luan, LI Hui-min, ZHAO Ming-hui, CHEN Xiu-min, ZHAO Feng-wu. Evaluation of a new method for quantification of heat tolerance in different wheat cultivars. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2018, 17(04): 786-795.

Effect of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit deletion on soft wheat quality properties and sugar-snap cookie quality estimated through near-isogenic lines
小麦高分子量谷蛋白亚基缺失近等基因系品质特性和饼干品质的研究

ZHANG Xiao, ZHANG Bo-qiao, WU Hong-ya, LU Cheng-bin, L Guo-feng, LIU Da-tong, LI Man, JIANG Wei, SONG Gui-hua, GAO De-rong

高分子量谷蛋白亚基（HMW-GS）对面团粘弹特性起决定性的作用。小麦HMW-GS基因由第一部分同源群染色体1A、1B和1D的长臂上基因位点控制，分别称作Glu-A1，Glu-B1，Glu-D1位点。本研究以扬麦18背景的四种在Glu-A1、Glu-D1具不同HMW-GS缺失组合的基因型进行品质分析。与Glu-A1位点缺失和野生型相比， Glu-D1位点缺失后面筋筋力和面团强度显著变弱，SDS沉淀值、乳酸溶剂保持力、面筋指数、形成时间、稳定时间、吹泡仪P值和L值显著降低。Glu-D1位点缺失对籽粒硬度、籽粒蛋白质含量、水溶剂保持力、碳酸钠溶剂保持力和蔗糖溶剂保持力无显著影响。与Glu-A1缺失和野生型相比，Glu-A1、Glu-D1双位点缺失和Glu-D1单位点缺失均显著增加曲奇直径、酥脆性，降低曲奇厚度。因此，Glu-D1位点缺失对饼干品质具有明显改良作用，为饼干专用小麦新品种培育提供了新的种质和途径。

Cite this article:

ZHANG Xiao, ZHANG Bo-qiao, WU Hong-ya, LU Cheng-bin, Lü Guo-feng, LIU Da-tong, LI Man,. Effect of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit deletion on soft wheat quality properties and sugar-snap cookie quality estimated through near-isogenic lines[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2018, 17(05): 1066-1073.

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