苏/俄陆军装备的2C7“牡丹花”《Пион》(2C7М“斜角”《Малка》)203毫米59倍径自行榴弹炮是原苏联/俄罗斯陆军服役过的口径最大的自行火炮,于1975年开始服役,北约给予其代号M-1975。
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2C7“牡丹花”《Пион》203毫米59倍径自行榴弹炮
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2C7型203毫米59倍径自行榴弹炮总共生产1,000门左右,由圣彼得堡基洛夫工厂所制造,在此炮大量进入服役后,原苏联陆军的长程火力支援能力获得显著提升,并具备发射战术核炮弹攻击北约战线后方重要目标的能力。
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2C7“牡丹花”203毫米59倍径自行榴弹炮的展板性能数据
2C7自行榴弹炮以T-64主战坦克的底盘为基础,前段为密闭式驾驶舱,车长、驾驶及2名炮班组员乘坐于此。车长和驾驶并列,其前方设有可下拉防护钢板的风挡,两人各装有一具配备潜望镜的圆形舱盖。动力舱后方车体中央段设有第二个乘员舱,可容纳3名炮班组员,故单辆炮车共有7名乘组员。动力舱紧邻驾驶舱后方,传动系统则位于驾驶舱下方。动力系统采用一具V-12水冷式柴油引擎,最大输出744马力,提供16.17马力/吨的推重比,路面极速50千米/时。由于车内未配备辅助动力系统,所以射击时引擎必须持续运转,以供应所需电力,也大量消耗燃料。底盘扭力杆式承载系统,两侧各装有7对路轮和6对顶支轮,射击时其底盘后半部会调低姿态,并将车尾驻锄插入地面,以形成稳固的射击载台。
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2C7型自行榴弹炮底盘剖视图
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2C7自行榴弹炮以T-64主战坦克的底盘为基础
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2C7型自行榴弹炮的主炮采用2A44型59倍径203毫米榴弹炮,炮身上无炮口制退器和抽气装置,采用螺旋式炮闩、弹药抓举系统和分离式弹药设计,炮管寿命450发,炮口最大初速960米/秒。火炮俯仰范围在0度到正60度间,方向射界左右各15度,利用液压与电动系统驱动。发射ЗОФ-43高爆榴弹(单枚重110千克)时,最大射程37.5千米,最高射速2至4发/分,炮车上装有4枚炮弹和药包,其余放置于弹药补给车上。射击火箭助推式高爆弹(单枚重102千克)时,最大射程47千米,远超过美帝M110A2自行火炮的30千米。化学炮弹、特殊装药炮弹和战术核子炮弹也是可选用和发射的弹种。
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2C7型自行榴弹炮发射瞬间
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驻锄未到位,所以此时炮管虽然扬起,但并未处于“发射状态”。
由于具备发射战术核炮弹的能力,2C7多配署于苏军方面军的重型火力支援部队中,每个团拥有24门炮(3个连),每个连配备8门2C7型自行榴弹炮。下面这组局部特写照片可以清晰的展示——这朵“红色帝国邪恶核牡丹”体现滴“暴力美学”!
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2C7系列203毫米59倍径自行榴弹炮细节
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2C7M是2C7的改良型,于上世纪八十年代开始立项,1986年开始生产。采用与改进型T-72主战坦克一样的新式В-84Б型多种燃料柴油机作为动力,可使用柴油、煤油、汽油等作为燃料。配备新的数字式炮兵快速反应系统及通讯设备,可以减少车辆从行军状态转移到战斗状态的准备时间。可以携带更多弹药(增至8发),新的弹药装载机构允许以任何角度装载弹丸及发射药。因此,最高射速获得提升,射速提高1.6倍(高达每分钟2.5发),火力因此提高了1.25倍。研发了火炮自动监控控制系统等重要子系统,以对火控系统、发动机、液压系统和传动装置进行连续监测。由于一系列改进,使2C7M自行榴弹炮的系统整体可靠度大幅提升,操作人员也减为6人。因此,该炮仍在独联体国家服役中(多为二线部队),但使用状况不明。据传,目前俄军的203毫米2С7M自行榴弹炮和240毫米2С4自行迫击炮主要用作俄军总参谋部战略预备队使用——用途是作为战术核炮弹发射载具,而不是单纯的野战火炮。
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2С7与2С7M性能对比
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战斗状态的2C7系列203毫米59倍径自行榴弹炮
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行军状态的2C7系列203毫米59倍径自行榴弹炮
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战斗状态的2C7系列203毫米59倍径自行榴弹炮——弹药输送车“亮了”
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静态展示的2C7系列203毫米59倍径自行榴弹炮
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顺便多句嘴——2С7M作为性能数据最强大的203毫米自行榴弹炮,比天朝那个“昙花一现滴玩儿意儿”强的不是一点。主要体现在弹丸装药量、机动性、自动化程度、系统集成度、整体可靠性等性能指标上。如天朝W90式203毫米45倍口径自行榴弹炮,底排弹最大射程50千米,弹丸装填21.5公斤炸药,最大射速和持续射速(2发/分钟和1发/分钟)。2С7M自行榴弹炮使用火箭助推弹射程47.5千米,装填炸药43.2公斤,射速每分钟2.5发。
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“昙花一现”滴天朝W90式203毫米45倍口径自行榴弹炮
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