感谢志愿者陈鑫翻译O(∩_∩)O

Thanks Xin Chen for translation.

一、非遗传承人介绍

Introduction of the inheritor of the intangible cultural heritage

麻茂庭 Maoting Ma

苗族,湘西自治州凤凰县山江镇黄毛坪人。1953年出生在专职从事银饰手工技艺世家。其曾祖父麻送春，从五岁起开始学艺，成为山江苗寨有名的银匠师傅。其祖父、父亲都是世代祖传的银匠师傅。从曾祖父到麻茂庭一家五代人都是专职从事苗族银饰制作的民间手工艺人，已有一百五十余年的历史。麻茂庭出生在这样一个民间手工艺家庭，从小耳濡目染，受到了很深刻的熏陶。由于得到父亲悉心地指教，加上聪明能干，勤奋好学，不到几年功夫，就从父亲那里学得了一手好功夫，并且自己能独立操作，在父亲传授传统古老的民间手工技艺的基础上，又有了自己的创新和发展。从此，专心致志地从事苗族银饰民间手工艺品的制作，与苗族银饰结下了不解之缘。从事苗族银饰制作已经有近四十年的历史，在这漫长的时间里，忠于职守，默默耕耘，朝夕与银饰为伴，与岁月为友，在这块苗族银饰手工艺术的园地里，精心打造和制作了上万件银饰品，其中甘苦和艰辛，只有自己知道。

Ma Maoting, male, Miao, from Huangmaoping, Shanjiang Town, Fenghuang County, Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture. Born in 1953, he was in a professional silver handicraft family. His great-grandfather Ma Songchun began to learn art at the age of five and became a famous silversmith in Miao Village, Shanjiang. His grandfather and father were all silver craftsmen from generation to generation. From great-grandfather to the Mamaoting, five generations of people are folk craftsmen specializing in Miao silver jewelry making. They have a history of more than 150 years. Ma Maoting was born in such a folk handicraft family. He was deeply influenced by it from his childhood. Thanks to his father's careful instruction, and his intelligence, competence, diligence and eagerness to learn, he learned a good hand from his father in less than a few years, and he can operate independently. On the basis of his father's teaching of traditional and ancient folk handicraft, he has made his own innovation and development. From then on, he devoted himself to the production of Miao silver jewelry folk handicraft products, which formed an indissoluble bond with Miao silver jewelry. It has been nearly forty years since he got engaged with Miao Silver Jewelry production. During this long period of time, he has been faithful to his duties, worked silently, accompanied by Silver Jewelry day and night. In this garden of Miao Silver Jewelry Handicraft Art, he has carefully created and produced tens of thousands of silver jewelry, inside of which are bitter and arduous, only himself knows.

鉴于麻茂庭对传承苗族银饰锻制技艺的杰出贡献，2006年湘西自治州人民政府确定他为第一批民族民间文化遗产传承人。 2009年被评为国家级非物质文化遗产项目苗族银饰锻制技艺代表性传承人。湖南省第三批“国家级非物质文化遗产项目传承人”。参与CCTV10《探索发现》拍摄，《民间美术大戏》纪录片拍摄，上海东方卫视《最美公路》拍摄，红网等新闻周刊报道。在国内有一定的影响力。

In view of Ma Maoting's outstanding contribution to the inheritance of Miao Silver Jewelry Forging Skills, the People's Government of Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture in 2006 identified him as the first group of inheritors of ethnic folk cultural heritage. In 2009, he was awarded as the representative inheritor of Miao Silver Jewelry Forging Skills in the National Intangible Cultural Heritage project.He is also the third batch of "National Intangible Cultural Heritage Project Successors" in Hunan Province.He participated in CCTV 10 "Exploration and Discovery" shooting, "Folk Art Theatre" documentary shooting, Shanghai Oriental Satellite TV "Most Beautiful Highway" shooting, Red Net and other news weekly reports. He has certain influence in China.

二、非遗项目介绍

Introduction of intangible cultural heritage

古代，苗族先民为了生存和发展进行了悲壮的由北向南、由东向西的大迁徙，一件件精美的工艺品就是一幅幅苗族先民开拓疆土、创造家园的不朽画卷。带有明显支系标志的苗族银饰，详实地记载了苗族各支系的发展与变迁。在苗族民间流传这样的俗语：“要知古今有何难，看看服饰就知全”。

In ancient times, in order to survive and develop, the ancestors of the Miao People tragically migrated from north to south and east to west. Pieces of exquisite handicraft is an immortal picture of the ancestors of the Miao People exploiting their territory and creating their homeland. The silver ornaments of Miao People with obvious branch symbols record the development and changes of each branch of Miao People in detail. In the folk of Miao People, the saying goes, "If you want to know what is difficult in ancient and modern times, you can know everything by looking at clothes".

苗族银饰作为一种文化现象在历史上曾被许多民族青睐，成为多元文化交流的载体之一。在这一载体中，融合有来自南方少数民族的"耳档"，起源于北方少数民族的“跳脱”，以及从古代饰物中沿袭而来的 “步摇”、“五兵佩”和中国传统的龙、凤、鳞纹样等等。苗族银饰以大为美的艺术特征是不言而喻的，苗族的图腾崇拜，是银饰的重要造型。苗族图腾即与苗族有血缘关系的几种图像。在苗族古歌中，传唱是枫木生出了蝴蝶妈妈，蝴蝶妈妈生下了十二个蛋，由鹊宇鸟孵化出苗族的祖先姜央和十二兄弟。

As a cultural phenomenon, Miao silver decoration has been favored by many nationalities in history and has become one of the carrier of multicultural exchanges. In this carrier, there are "ear stalls" from the southern minorities, originated from the "jumping off" of the northern minorities, as well as "pacing", "Wubingpei" and the traditional dragon, phoenix and scale patterns from ancient ornaments and so on. It is self-evident that Miao silver ornaments are of great beauty. The totem worship of Miao People is an important form of silver ornaments. Miao totem refers to several images related to the Miao People. In ancient Miao songs, maple trees gave birth to mother butterflies, mother butterflies gave birth to twelve eggs, and magpie birds hatched the ancestors of the Miao People, Jiang Yang and twelve brothers.

苗族银饰的加工，全是以家庭作坊内的手工操作完成。根据需要，银匠先把熔炼过的白银制成薄片、银条或银丝，利用压、寥、刻、镂等工艺，制出精美纹样，然后再焊接或编织成型。

The processing of Miao silver ornaments is all done by hand in the family workshop. According to the need, the silversmith first made the melted silver into thin sheets, silver bars or silver wires, and then made fine patterns by pressing, scarcity, engraving and carving, then welded or braided.

正因为银饰在苗族人生活中的重要地位，每逢苗族盛大节日，苗族男女必身着盛装，佩戴银饰。一个盛装的苗族妇女，全身银饰可达一、二十斤。一场盛会就是一场别开生面的苗族银饰展示会，构成一道亮丽的风景线。

Because of the important position of silver jewelry in Miao people's life, Miao men and women must wear silver jewelry in grand festivals. A dressed Miao woman can wear silver ornaments up to 10 kg. A grand event is a unique Miao silver decoration exhibition, which forms a beautiful scenery.

三、非遗作品介绍

Introduction of intangible cultural heritage works

麻茂庭制作的银饰品，构图别致，创意心颖，技艺精湛细腻，很受苗族地区广大苗民群众的喜爱，他制作和打造的银饰品件，既保留了苗族银饰原始古朴的传统特色技艺，同时又在原始传统技艺的基础上大胆创新，因此，有着十分浓厚的地方风味和民族特色。他打造和制作的苗族银饰银凤冠、银花帽、银披肩，在原有传统制作技艺的基础上，进行了饰件的加工和创新，使银凤冠等银饰件更加显得艳丽与华贵，深受广大苗族群众的喜爱。由于他的银饰品制作精良，因此，他的银饰品销路广泛，供不应求。

The silver jewelry made by Ma Maoting is very popular with the Miao People in Miao areas because of its unique composition, ingenuity and exquisite skills. His silver jewelry not only retains the original and simple traditional characteristics of Miao silver jewelry, but also innovates boldly on the basis of the original traditional skills. Therefore, it has the following characteristics: very strong local flavor and national characteristics. The Miao silver ornaments, such as silver phoenix crowns, silver caps and silver shawls, which he created and made, were processed and innovated on the basis of the original traditional production techniques, making silver ornaments such as silver phoenix crowns more beautiful and luxurious, and were deeply loved by the Miao People. As his silver jewelry is well-made, his silver jewelry has a wide market and is in short supply.

苗族银饰也是苗族人民写实与幻想艺术的杰作。在苗族银饰中，处处洋溢着写实艺术。如银插花、银帽、银梳、银簪、项圈、耳环、披肩、压领、腰链、衣片、银铃、银碗、银筷银勺、手镯和戒指等，均有马、牛、羊、鸡、鸭、蛇、狮、蝴蝶、燕、鸟、鱼、虾和鲜花等实物图案，是典型的写实艺术手法。苗族银饰既是生活的真实记载，又是高于生活的艺术精华。在长期的生产生活中，苗族人民把能反映自己民族意识的大自然物象在头脑里进行综合加工，创造出幻想艺术的杰作，龙与凤凰图案是其中的代表。

Miao silver jewelry is also a masterpiece of Miao People's realistic and fantastic art. In Miao silver ornaments, realistic art permeates everywhere. For example, silver flower arrangement, silver hat, silver comb, silver hairpin, collar, necklace, earrings, shawl, collar, waist chain, dress piece, silver bell, silver bowl, silver chopsticks, silver spoon, bracelet and ring, all have physical patterns of horse, cattle, sheep, chicken, duck, snake, lion, butterfly, swallow, bird, fish, shrimp and flowers, which are typical realistic artistic techniques. The Miao silver ornaments are not only the true records of life, but also the artistic essence of life. In the long-term production and life, the Miao People synthetically process the natural images reflecting their national consciousness in their minds and create masterpieces of fantasy art, among which the dragon and phoenix patterns are the representatives.