干货! 议长大人带你逛下议院, 解答你对英国议会的所有疑问！

干货! 议长大人带你逛下议院, 解答你对英国议会的所有疑问！(视音频+中英全文)

原创：乐活英伦乐活英伦今天

2019年8月21日

许多小伙伴都喜欢看成天闹哄哄、没个正形的英国下议院辩论视频，尤其是首相质询环节~

君子动口不动手，各种优雅打嘴炮，但一句话就能把你噎个半死！整个辩论过程像是在说相声，各种唇枪舌剑，充满英式幽默和嘲笑讥讽。

大家也常常询问我们一些问题，譬如：

· 议事桌上那俩金色箱子是个啥？箱子之间的那根权杖又是干嘛用的？

· 每次首相质询都人挤人爆满，干嘛地方不整大点儿？

· 为啥总有议员站起来又坐下？为啥众人要高呼“耶~~”“耶~~~”，单纯为了吵气氛嘛？

· 为啥议员总对着议长讲话？为啥互怼双方都以第三人称互相称呼？

英国议会特地请来下议院几位管事儿的——议长大人、副议长大人、书记官、警卫官...

一边带你参观下议院大厅，一边为你解答关于下议院的所有疑问！

这个咱们眼中的相声场子，原来也是腐国人眼中的"舞台剧小剧场"！

英国下议院释疑解惑来自乐活英伦00:0008:52

中英全文

Mr Speaker (John Bercow):

I love the Chamber of the House of Commons. I'm a Chamber devotee or a Chamber fanatic. I suppose really I regard it as the cockpit of our democracy.

议长先生（约翰·伯考）： 我爱这座下议院的议事大厅，我是"下议院死忠粉"或"下议院脑残粉"。在我看来，这里是我们民主制度的掌舵室。

Mr Deputy Speaker (Sir Lindsay Hoyle): It is the heart of Parliament and the heart of democracy for this country and it's a great example to the world. That's why the Chamber is so important.

副议长先生（林赛·霍伊尔爵士）： 它是英国议会的核心，也是英国民主的核心，更为世界各国树立了榜样，这就是为何下议院如此重要。

Clerk of Legislation (Jacqy Sharpe): The Chamber is really the heart of our Parliament. It's the one place where Members all gather together to ask questions, to debate, to legislate.

立法事务书记官（杰姬·夏普）： 这座下议院议事厅，是英国议会的中心，所有议员在这里齐聚一堂，提问质询、探讨辩论、提案立法。

Serjeant at Arms (Lawrence Ward): So this is the House of Commons Chamber. It's said that Churchill himself got involved in the discussion about how big the Chamber could be. And it was felt it would make it more intimate and a bit more argumentative if it was smaller, so that people were packed in for the big debates.

下议院警卫官（劳伦斯·沃德）： 这里就是下议院的议事厅。据说，前首相丘吉尔当年亲自参与讨论，到底该将议事厅设计成多大，后来一致通过将这里设计得小一点，议员之间坐得更紧密，辩论也显得更激烈紧张，每当有重要议题辩论时，大厅里便会挤满了人。

The Government sits on this side, or to the right of the Speaker. The front bench is for Government ministers. And on the left hand side, the Opposition, and the shadow ministers sit on these benches here too.

执政党坐这里，在议长的右手边。前排席位是政府大臣的专座。左手边则是反对党派，影子大臣坐在这边的前排席位。

Former Home Secretary (Theresa May): "I don't believe that millions of people are losing confidence in our legal system. I believe they are concerned about the ability the European..."

前内政大臣（特蕾莎·梅）： "我不认为数百万人民对我们的法律制度失去了信心，我认为他们更忧心的是欧洲..."

Serjeant at Arms: So if a Member wants to reserve a seat for the day, other than the front benches which are reserved for ministers or shadow ministers, Members would have to write their name on a prayer card, put it in the prayer card holder and that would reserve their seat for the day. As long as they're here for prayers, which is always the first business of the day.

下议院警卫官： 要是其他议员想来下议院占座，不得选择前排议席，因为这里是为内阁大臣和影子大臣预留的专座。其他议员要想占座，必须在祷告卡上写下自己的名字，放入卡槽中，这样就算是预定了今天的座位。在当天正式会议开始前，他们必须前来参加晨祷，否则占座无效。

Mr Deputy Speaker: On Prime Minister's Questions, it's amazing how many seats are reserved and how many people come in for prayers.

副议长先生： 每周的首相质询时间，座位瞬间被抢得精光，简直太惊人了，大家全都跑来争着做晨祷。

Serjeant at Arms: So synonymous with the sitting on the House is the Mace. That is always present whenever the House is sitting. And the Mace is carried in the by the Serjeant at Arms each day and is placed either on the table or below the table if the House is in committee.

下议院警卫官： 与下议院开会相互呼应的是权杖。每次开会，议事厅内必置有一权杖。每天，权杖由警卫官抬进议事厅，置于议事桌上；如果是召开委员会，权杖就置于桌下。

And mace is belong to the royal household. The current mace was made for Charles II. And when the House dissolves at the end of its term, they actually go back to the royal household where they are stored safely.

权杖，彰显君主权威。现在这根权杖来自查理二世。每当议会任期结束解散时，权杖便会被恭敬地"请"走，回到英国皇室得到妥善保管。

This is called the government despatch box. So any Minister, including the Prime Minister, that's making a speech to the House or replying to questions from other Members would stand at this despatch box. It can be incredibly intimidating particularly when the House is very busy, as is the Opposition box.

这个箱子是"执政党发言箱"。所有政府大臣，包括首相在内，在下议院发表演讲或回答议员提问时，都必须站在箱子之后发言。碰上紧张激烈的关键性辩论，在这里发言就更会显得极度可怕，"反对党发言箱"也同样如此。

Mr Deputy Speaker: If we look back in history, we've had these great, great politicians that have been at that despatch box, banging away, making statements.

副议长先生： 回溯历史，我们见证了无数伟大的政治家站在发言箱后，唇枪舌剑，慷慨陈词。

Serjeant at Arms: So this is the Speaker's Chair, where the Speaker sits and he is here to keep order in the House, particularly during very rowdy and busy debates.

下议院警卫官： 这里是议长席位，即议长大人的专座，他负责维持下议院的秩序，尤其是碰上闹哄哄吵翻天的辩论时。

Mr Speaker: "Orderrrr! Perhaps we can now make some progress with short questions and short answers."

议长先生： "肃静！咱们现在总得有点进展吧！提问再简短点，回答也再简短点！"

Serjeant at Arms: In front of the Speaker's Chair are the clerks who advise the Speaker and Members on procedural matters. The Clerk of the House usually sits in this chair and the Clerk Assistant there.

下议院警卫官： 坐在议长席位正前方的，是向议长和议员提出议事程序建议的执行文书官。下议院执行文书官通常坐在这把椅子上，助理文书官坐在那边。

When Members are asked to decide on a particular issue that’s coming through the House of Commons, the Speaker will call a division. The division lobbies run parallel to the Chamber on either side. We have the ayes behind the government side, and the noes behind the opposition side.

当全体议员就某项议题或草案在下议院进行表决时，议长便会宣布分组点票。两大投票厅彼此平行，位于议事厅门外左右两侧。赞成厅位于执政党席位后方；反对厅则位于反对党席位后方。

So if you're a Member of Parliament, and you want to vote for a particular amendment or bill, you will go through the aye lobby. Or if you're against it, you'll go through no.

如果你是下议院议员，想投票赞成某项修正草案或提案，就得进入"赞成厅"，反之则进入另一边的"反对厅"。

And this is the Serjeant at Arms' chair. We are there to represent the authority of the Speaker. Up here we have the Press Gallery, which is where the media sit. And Hansard, the official reporters, and they record everything, so there is a record of what is said and done in the House of Commons Chamber.

这是我所属的警卫官席位。我主要负责维持秩序，彰显议长大人的权威。上方区域是新闻记者席，新闻媒体都坐在那里。旁边是"汉萨德"议会议事录，他们是记录议会全部议程的官方记者。他们会记录下在这间议事厅里所说所做的所有内容。

And in the other galleries around either side is where the public sit, because a very important element to parliamentary business is that it doesn't only sit, but is seen to sit.

两大阵营的上方区域，就是围观群众坐的位置。对下议院议事而言，颇为重要的一点就是，议员们不仅要开会，而且要被看着开会。

The other very special thing about the House of Commons Chamber is you get a sense of the power of it. How the decisions that are taken in this place affect everybody's lives. So, the stakes are always high. It's always a big occasion.

下议院议事厅还有一点很特别，在这里你能体会到一种庄严的权威感。这里做出的决定，与英国人民的生活息息相关，所以利害攸关、兹事体大啊，在这里发生的永远都是大事。

Mr Speaker: My role as Speaker, as is true of my work in the Chamber more widely when chairing debates, is not to take sides. Not to be on one side or the other. Not, in other words, to be a player, but to serve as as the referee of the match.

议长先生： 身为议长，我在下议院所做的主要工作是主持辩论，要做到不偏不倚，不偏袒任何一方，保持绝对中立。换句话说就是，不做比赛队员，而是担任公平公正的比赛裁判。

Mr Deputy Speaker: Everybody wants to get the attention of the Speaker, whoever's in the Chair whether it's the Deputy, whether it's the Speaker themselves. People, to get noticed, stand up.

副议长先生： 所有人都想引起议长的关注，无论谁坐在议长席位上，也许是副议长，也许是议长本尊。为引起关注，议员必须站起身。

Clerk of Legislation: It's very much for the Chair to choose who to call. Members will stand up each time someone sits down.

立法事务书记官： 决定由谁来发言，选择权都在议长手中。只要有一些议员坐下去，另一些议员就又会站起身来。

Mr Speaker: And I'm looking around to see who's standing up and I then have to decide who to call. How do I decide? Well, I go back and forth from one side to the other, so there's a mix between Government and Opposition.

议长先生： 我会环顾四周，看看都有谁站起来，之后我便会做决定让谁发言。我是如何做决定的呢？首先，我会左右两边来回交叉点名叫人，兼顾执政党和反对党两大阵营。

I'm looking to call Members of Parliament from different intakes, not just from people who came in forty years ago, but from people who came in two years ago. I'm looking to get a geographical spread. And to some extent, I'm looking to call people expressing a range of different views.

我也会照顾到资历不同的议员，不仅有40年前参政的政界元老，还有两年前刚加入的萌新议员。我还会考虑全面的地域分布。而且在某种程度上，我会尽量让持有不同观点的议员起身发言。

Clerk of Legislation: The Speaker and the people in the Chair are referred to as Mr Speaker or Madam Deputy Speaker/Mr Deputy Speaker. There's very little use of individual surnames. That's because only the Speaker will call a Member by name. Other Members will refer to people on their benches as 'my Honourable Friend' or 'the Honourable Member' for a constituency.

立法事务书记官： 议长和坐在议长席位的人，被称为议长先生、副议长女士和副议长先生。议员彼此之间不得直呼对方姓名，只有议长有权喊出议员的名字。议员要称呼自己阵营的同伴为"我尊敬的朋友"或"尊敬的某某选区议员"。

Member of Parliament: "Does my Honourable Friend suppose..."

议员： "我尊敬的朋友是否认为..."

Clerk of Legislation: And for the Members opposite are normally 'the Honourable Lady' or 'Gentlemen', or again by constituency.

立法事务书记官： 称呼反对方议员，通常是"尊敬的女士"、"尊敬的先生"或"某某选区议员"。

Deputy Chairman of Ways and Means (Baroness Dawn Primarolo): "Division! Clear the lobby!"

副议长助理（唐恩·普莉玛罗女男爵）： "分组点票！清场！"

Mr Speaker: Votes in Parliament are often referred to as divisions. At the end of a debate, typically the Speaker will say: "The question is as on the Order Paper. As many as there are of the opinion say aye?" And people will yell "Aye". "Of the contrary no?" And very often Members will yell "No". At that point the Speaker in the Chair says: "Division. Clear the lobbies."

议长先生： 议会投票常被称作"分组"。一场辩论结束后，议长通常会说："该议题已在议程列明。赞成该法案主张者 请高呼赞同！"赞成的议员就会高喊 "赞同"。"反对者请高呼反对！"大多数情况都会有议员大喊"反对"。此时议长就会宣布："分组点票！清场！"

Member of Parliament (Natascha Engel): Voting is really exciting. And first of all we have the division bell ringing. We have that all around the parliamentary estate. So wherever you are in Parliament, you hear the division bell going. You have eight minutes until the doors are shut. So the doorkeepers who keep the doors open. After the eight minutes have finished, shout "lock the doors". If you haven't made it, you've missed the vote.

娜塔莎·恩格尔议员： 投票非常激动人心。首先，分组点票的钟声响起，响彻整个议会大厦。无论你在议会大楼的哪个角落，都能清楚听到投票钟声。在投票厅关门前，你只有短短8分钟时间。门卫打开投票厅大门，8分钟一到，他便会高喊"关门！"你要是没赶上的话，可就完美错过投票啦。

Member of Parliament (Nadhim Zahawi): We divide and you are either in support of whatever the issue happens to be, so you go to the aye lobby; or you're against it, so you go into the no lobby. And that's how we divide - we physically divide by the way, i.e. we walk through the division lobbies, and have our names noted off a big list of paper of all the MPs.

纳齐姆·扎哈维议员： 我们会观点迥异。如果对当天讨论的议题表示支持，就去"赞成厅"；如果反对，就去另一边的"反对厅"。我们就此分组，确确实实分成了两组，前往两个不同的投票厅。将自己的名字在所有议员姓名列表中划出来，这才算是投票成功。

At first when I came to Parliament, I thought that this is a cumbersome and clunky way of doing things. But actually now after being here for two years, I find it an incredibly useful way for being able to get hold of a Minister. Because if I have a particular issue that I would like to raise with that Minister that my constituents are concerned about, as a backbencher, it's one of the useful, less formal tools.

刚加入议会时，我觉得这种投票方式既繁琐又笨重。不过现在来这里两年了，我终于发现这才是"逮住"大臣最有效的办法啊，如果我所在选区的选民有一项很关心的议题，我想代表他们找问问某位大臣探讨一下，对我这位后排议员来说，这种方法虽然不太正式，但行之有效。

Mr Speaker: I think a lot of people are not conscious that they can come watch the proceedings. In fact they didn't have to ask their Member of Parliament, people can turn up and queue and get in to watch the proceedings of the House.

议长先生： 我想许多民众可能都没意识到吧，他们可以随时来观看议事过程。他们不用去找所在选区的代表议员，他们可以直接来这里排队，进来之后就能看到下议院议事全程。

Clerk of Legislation: If people wanted to visit the House and they have got access to a computer, then they can go to the Parliament website, there's a lot of information there. They can find out how to do it if they want to do a tour, they want to come and watch debate, if they want to go into a committee meeting. And Parliament is very welcoming and likes having people, so we do hope people will use that facility and come and watch their Parliament.

立法事务书记官： 大家要是想来下议院参观，只要身边有电脑和网络，可直接登陆英国议会官网，那里有许多信息。无论是想前来参观走访，还是观看现场辩论，或是旁听委员会会议，都可在官网找到相应信息。英国议会十分热情好客，期待民众参与。我们真心希望大家能好好利用这一点，来到我们议会观看议会议事。

Member of Parliament (Nadhim Zahawi): The chamber is also a place of real theatre and I think the public enjoy that.

纳齐姆·扎哈维议员： 这座下议院是个真正的舞台剧场，英国民众都非常喜欢收看。

Former Prime Minister (David Cameron): "What I would say to the Hon. Gentleman is..."

前英国首相（戴维·卡梅伦）： "我要对这位阁下说一句..."

Mr Speaker: The adrenaline ought to be flowing because it is exciting. And you're conscious that it's being reported very widely and viewed fairly extensively across the country and indeed beyond the UK.

议长先生： 在这里，所有人都肾上腺素飙升，因为实在太紧张激烈了。我们心里都清楚，这里的讨论会引起广泛报道，不仅仅是全英国人都在看，英国之外也有许多人关注。

Mr Deputy Speaker: This is a working museum. This is a fantastic building to be in. It's the envy of the world, home of democracy. But it all comes back down to one place in reality - that is the Chamber, that is where decisions are made.

副议长先生： 这是一间工作博物馆，这是一座牛B哄哄的大厦，也是全世界羡慕嫉妒的对象，更是民主的诞生地。这一切的一切，全部回归现实中的某个地方，就是这座下议院，一个决策诞生的地方。

End

图片来自网络