70年，中国女性的生活发生了多大变化？丨今日热词打卡|163

今日热词

妇女权益

women's rights and interests

近日，国务院新闻办公室发表《平等发展共享：新中国70年妇女事业的发展与进步》白皮书。

The white paper, titled"Equality, Development and Sharing: Progress of Women's Cause in 70 Years Since New China's Founding,"was released by the State Council Information Office.

白皮书说，70年来，中国妇女事业始终与党和国家事业发展紧密相连。

在中国共产党领导下，一代又一代妇女为中国的建设、改革与发展开拓进取、贡献力量。

在中华民族从站起来、富起来到强起来的伟大飞跃中，中国妇女地位发生了翻天覆地的巨大变化。

As the Chinese nation is rising and growing richer and stronger, Chinese women's social status has undergone enormous changes, it said.

MORE WORKING WOMEN

更多的工作女性

白皮书指出，中国颁布法律法规全面保障妇女的经济权利和利益，特别是平等就业的权利，确保男女同工同酬，消除就业中的性别歧视。

China has promulgated laws and regulations to fully protect women's economic rights and interests, especially the right to equal employment, ensuring equal pay to men and women for equal work and eliminating gender discrimination in employment, the white paper said.

全社会就业人员中女性占比超过四成。2017年，全国女性就业人数3.4亿，比1978年翻了一番。
Women account for 40 percent of the labor force in China. In 2017, there were 340 million working women, doubling the figure in 1978.

女性就业领域更加广泛。2010年，妇女从事第二、第三产业的比例为46.8%，比改革开放初期的1982年提高24.8个百分点。
Women's job options have greatly expanded. In 2010, 46.8 percent of women worked in industry and service sectors, up 24.8 percentage points from 1982.

HIGHER POLITICAL STATUS

妇女政治地位显著提高

新中国成立之初，就从法律上规定了男女享有平等的选举权、被选举权和管理国家事务的权利。

改革开放40多年来，中国特色社会主义民主政治不断完善，为妇女参政提供了新机遇、拓展了新渠道。

China has drawn up and implemented laws to guarantee that women share equal rights with men to vote, to be elected, and to participate in the administration of state affairs, the white paper said, adding that over the past four decades since the reform and opening-up, new opportunities and channels have been opened to women to participate in politics.

2017年，中央机关及其直属机构新录用公务员中女性比例达到52.4%；地方新录用公务员中女性比例达到44%。

In 2017, women accounted for 52.4 percent of public servants newly-recruited by the central government organs and their affiliates, and the proportion was 44 percent among local governments.

第十三届全国人民代表大会女代表比例达到24.9%，比1954年第一届提高12.9个百分点。

The ratio of women deputies to the 13th National People's Congress (NPC) was 24.9 percent, 12.9 percentage points higher than that of the first NPC in 1954.

MORE EDUCATED WOMEN

妇女受教育水平显著提升

白皮书指出，在过去的70年里，中国女性的受教育水平大幅提高。

全国15岁及以上女性人口文盲率由新中国成立前的90%降至2017年的7.3%，实现历史巨变。

The illiteracy rate among females aged 15 and above dropped from 90 percent before the founding of the PRC to 7.3 percent in 2017, which was a historic change.

九年义务教育基本消除性别差距。

2017年，女童小学净入学率达到99.9%，与男童完全相同；普通小学和普通初中在校生中女生比例分别达到46.5%和46.4%，比1951年分别提高18.5和20.8个百分点。
In 2017, the net primary school enrollment rates of boys and girls were both 99.9 percent while the proportions of girls in primary schools and junior high schools were 46.5 percent and 46.4 percent respectively, 18.5 and 20.8 percentage points higher than those in 1951 respectively.

2017年，高中阶段教育毛入学率达到88.3%，高中阶段教育在校女生占在校生总数的47.7%。
In 2017, the gross high school enrollment rate was 88.3 percent, with girls accounting for 47.7 percent of all students in high schools.

2017年，普通高等学校本专科在校女生占在校生总数的比例已达52.5%，比1978年提高28.4个百分点，比1949年提高32.7个百分点。
Meanwhile, women accounted for 52.5 percent of students in regular institutions of higher education, 28.4 percentage points higher than in 1978, 32.7 percentage points higher than in 1949.

HEALTHIER WOMEN

妇女健康状况极大改善

妇女健康水平持续提高。

2015年，妇女平均预期寿命为79.4岁，比1981年提高了10.1岁，比新中国成立时提高了42.7岁。

Women's health has further improved in China. Women's average life expectancy grew to 79.4 years in 2015, an increase of 10.1 years over 1981 and 42.7 years over 1949, according to the white paper.

白皮书结尾指出，中国发展进入了新时代。在更高水平上促进男女平等和妇女全面发展，既面临机遇，又任重道远。

As China's development has entered a new era, promoting gender equality and women's overall development at a higher level not only meets opportunities but also has a long way to go, the white paper said.

Notes

illiteracy rate 文盲率

compulsory education 义务教育

mortality rate 死亡率

life expectancy 预期寿命

social status 社会地位

gender equality 性别平等

equal employment 就业平等

eliminate gender discrimination 消除性别歧视

participate in politics 参政

public servants 公务员

白皮书中文版：