2019年10月10日，Andrew T. Gewirtz团队在Cell杂志上发表了文章：Segmented Filamentous Bacteria Prevent and Cure Rotavirus Infection，研究了肠道细菌微生物对轮状病毒感染的影响。

这篇文章从逻辑上讲述了四个要点：

1、小鼠菌落对轮状病毒（RV）感染产生自发抵抗 2、粪便微生物移植转移RV抵抗力

3、对RV的保护是由节段性丝状细菌（SFB）介导的 4、SFB通过增加上皮细胞更新来阻碍RV

轮状病毒（Rotavirus，RV）是一种非包膜的双链RNA（dsRNA）病毒，仍然是全球范围的主要病害，每年导致数十万儿童出现危及生命的腹泻，也是导致小儿及新生儿腹泻的最主要病原体。RV 从口进入人体，主要感染肠胃上皮细胞，这些细胞存在于一个统称为肠道微生物群的大型生态系统中。

轮状病毒与多种微生物群共生在肠道上皮细胞，从而打开微生物影响 RV感染的可能。尽管清除RV通常需要适应性免疫，但我们无意间产生了RV抵抗性免疫缺陷小鼠，这种RV抗性反映了抵抗RV感染的微生物的存在。这种RV抵抗力是通过共生和排便转移的。这种方式表明丝状细菌（SFB）足以保护小鼠免受RV感染和相关的腹泻。这种保护独立于先前定义的RV阻滞因子，包括干扰素，IL-17和IL-22。
SFB可以诱导宿主相关基因表达并加速上皮细胞更新。将RV与含有SFB的粪便一起孵育可降低其体外感染性，揭示了直接中和RV作用的可能。因此，SFB在不受免疫细胞的影响下，可针对某些肠道病毒感染和相关的腹泻病提供相关的保护。

SUMMARY

Rotavirus (RV) encounters intestinal epithelial cells amidst diverse microbiota, opening possibilities of microbes influencing RV infection. Although RV clearance typically requires adaptive immunity, we unintentionally generated RV-resistant immunodeficient mice, which, we hypothesized, reflected select microbes protecting against RV.

Accordingly, such RV resistance was transferred by co-housing and fecal transplant. RV-protecting microbiota were interrogated by heat, filtration, and antimicrobial agents, followed by limiting dilution transplant to germ-free mice and microbiome analysis.

This approach revealed that segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) were sufficient to protect mice against RV infection and associated diarrhea. Such protection was independent of previously defined RV-impeding factors, including interferon, IL-17, and IL-22.

Colonization of the ileum by SFB induced changes in host gene expression and accelerated epithelial cell turnover. Incubation of RV with SFB-containing feces reduced infectivity in vitro, suggesting direct neutralization of RV. Thus, independent of immune cells, SFB confer protection against certain enteric viral infections and associated diarrheal disease.

本期编辑：苏复

来源：

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092867419310797