近日,来自我国北京大学-清华大学生命科学联合中心、首都医科大学附属北京佑安医院以及解放军总医院第五医学中心的科学家们在The New England Journal of Medicine发表了题为《CRISPR-Edited Stem Cells in a Patient with HIV and Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia》的研究论文,首次在人体内探索了基因编辑的造血干细胞移植的可行性和安全性,对于推动基因编辑技术治疗多种疾病的临床研究具有重要参考价值和临床意义。
The safety of CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)–based genome editing in the context of human gene therapy is largely unknown. CCR5 is a reasonable but not absolutely protective target for a cure of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, because CCR5-null blood cells are largely resistant to HIV-1 entry. We transplanted CRISPR-edited CCR5-ablated hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) into a patient with HIV-1 infection and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The acute lymphoblastic leukemia was in complete remission with full donor chimerism, and donor cells carrying the ablated CCR5 persisted for more than 19 months without gene editing–related adverse events. The percentage of CD4+ cells with CCR5 ablation increased by a small degree during a period of antiretroviral-therapy interruption. Although we achieved successful transplantation and long-term engraftment of CRISPR-edited HSPCs, the percentage of CCR5 disruption in lymphocytes was only approximately 5%, which indicates the need for further research into this approach.
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