专题指导

阅读理解七选五短文体裁通常为说明文。除了2017年全国I卷采用了一篇记叙文外，其余短文均为说明文，说明如何做某事或介绍某事物。说明文常采用“总一分”结构，第一段提出要说明的主题，下面几段通常是有标题句或主题句的平行段落。第一段的最后一句（或后半段中）如果设空，通常是过渡句，其作用是承上下，引出下文的几条建议或方法。考生应根据设空位置判断句子作用，有针对性地在选项中筛选答案。

考生在遇到两个有相似特征的选项时，要格外关注、仔细比对这两个选项，结合空处所在的上下文语境和前后文的逻辑关系进行作答，切忌因先入为主而误选。

精练必刷题

（一）

If you attend the Yangtze River Intangible Cultural Heritage Exhibition, you will find it hard to forget the treasures displayed there．That’s because all of them, from delicate wood carvings to the fragrant West Lake Longjing Tea, are cultural achievements of Chinese people．__1__．Let’s have a deep look at the great river civilization．

Long regarded as a state symbol, Chinese embroidery (刺绣) took roots in the Yangtze River Valley．Think of the 4 most famous types of embroideries in China: Su Xiu from Jiangsu, Shu Xiu from Sichuan, Xiang Xiu from Hunan and Yue Xiu from Guangdong．__2__．

Walking alongside the Yangtze River, you may hear singers in boats chanting simple songs containing powerful lyrics． This is the ancient music known as haozi, which boatmen sing to unify their rowing rhythm．__3__． It is a record of history, which should be kept and carried forward．

__4__．It was originally started to worship the dragon totem (图腾) by the people of the old Wuyue area．After the Warring States Period, the festival was in honor of the poet Quyuan, who lived in the ancient state of Chu．

So far, 11 cities along the Yangtze River have signed an agreement to protect the intangible cultural heritages along the river． __5__． This move is a big step toward making sure our nation’s cultural wonders will be alive for more generations．

A．There is a traditional Chinese fairy tale

B．They are priceless treasures in Jiangsu Province

C．Dragon Boat Festival originated from the Yangtze River

D．They are also reflections of the long history of the Yangtze River

E．It will promote cooperation and inspire integration (整合) among the cities

F．Hearing it is less common today, but it’s still a symbol of the Yangtze River

G．You will realize that three of them originate from cities along the Yangtze River

（二）

阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

School Spirit Week can be held any time throughout the year in America. It is a special time when youthful exuberance (活力) is allowed full expression.

___1___There are spirit band sessions, spirit assemblies and spirit teams that have one primary goal. That goal is to promote school tradition and encourage students to recognize their school as an important part of their life.___2___Some schools will use it as a kick-off for a charity (慈善) event such as collecting food for the local food bank.

A Spirit Week program can include many types of supporting activities. At most events, students like to wear identifying clothing or articles that show they are a unified group and support their school. Spirit week agendas often encourage students to wear fun and modern clothes.___3___Monday might be funny hat day, followed by Tuesday's Hawaiian shirt day and Wednesday's silly T-shirt day. Thursday could be pajama day, rounded off with Friday's school colors day.___4___Students decorate the walls, halls and classrooms with banners, posters and other adornments. Spirit Week posters and banners can reflect the theme of the week, the pride in the school, or show any other creative support of the school.

Parents love this special week as much as students and teachers do because parents have a great interest in the success of their children.___5___

A. Spirit Weeks often have a central theme.

B. Spirit Week is about having loads of fun at school.

C. They can wear a different one for each day of the week.

D. The kids aren't the only ones dressed up for Spirit Week.

E. It makes them very happy to see the kids enthused about school activities.

F. It is also a time to recognize athletic teams competing during that season.

G. The main purpose of Spirit Week is to get the kids supportive of the school.

（三）

Sometimes it can be difficult to relate to the generations that have come before us.__1__ But older people have plenty of wisdom and knowledge to share with younger generations, and treating them with respect should be second nature for all of us.

Call people sir or ma'am.Even if you've grown up in a more casual environment where you usually call your friends' parents by their first names, you shouldn't assume that all older people are comfortable with that kind of informal title.__2__ They prefer you call them Mr./Mrs. That's why it's always best to ask what name they prefer and use sir or ma'am when you don't feel comfortable asking.

__3__ While it's true that many elderly people have health problems that may require special assistance, aging doesn't affect all people in the same way. Assuming that an older person has poor eyesight or hearing can be extremely embarrassing and make him or her feel self-conscious. That's especially true if you make a big deal out of it, such as raising your voice every time you speak to him or her. If you're unsure whether an older person has such problems, just ask.__4__

Show interest in their lives.It's easy to think that older people don't have much going on because they don't do many of the things that they used to when they were younger.__5__ When you visit or call your elderly loved ones, make sure to ask about their favorite activities. If they have a hobby that they particularly enjoy, you might even offer to do it with them. That's a great way to show them just how interested you are in what's important to them.

A．Do offer them necessary help.

B．Don't assume they have disabilities.

C．However, many elderly people are still active.

D．Some elderly people may be more traditional.

E．We ourselves will be old some day in the future.

F．It's better to be straightforward than to risk annoying someone.

G．Growing up differently makes us feel we have nothing in common with them.

答案解析

一、

语篇解读：文章介绍了中国长江流域的非物质文化遗产——中国刺绣、号子、端午节等。目前，长江流域沿线的11座城市已经签署协议共同保护长江流域的非物质文化遗产，这一举措是为确保我们国家的文化奇观能够世代流传所迈出的一大步。

1．选D　根据后文围绕着长江流域的非物质文化遗产展开可知，该处应选择承上启下的句子，引出这些遗产与长江流域的关系。D项中的They指代前文中的“the treasures”，与上一句中的“all of them”指代相同，且D项中的also表明不只是像前文所提到的“它们是中国人的文化成就”，它们同时也是长江流域悠久历史的反映。

2．选G　该段前文提到中国刺绣扎根于长江流域和中国的四大名绣。设空处应体现四大名绣与长江流域的紧密关系，G项中的three of them表明四大名绣中的三个发源于长江沿岸的城市。

3．选F　该段介绍了“号子”这一长江流域的非物质文化遗产，它是船夫吟唱的简单曲调。选项中只有F项中的Hearing it与该段内容相关，且F项中的“it’s still a symbol of the Yangtze River”与后文的“should be kept and carried forward”相呼应。

4．选C　根据该段中的“the dragon totem”和“the poet Quyuan”并结合选项可知，该段介绍的是端午节(Dragon Boat Festival)。

5．选E　设空处前一句提到“长江沿岸的11座城市已经签署协议共同保护长江流域的非物质文化遗产”，设空处后一句介绍了这一举措的好处，E项与后一句并列为该举措的好处，且E项中的It特指前文11座城市签署保护协议这件事，the cities指的是前文所提到的长江沿岸的11座城市。

二、

【答案】1. G 2. F 3. C 4. D 5. E

【解析】

本文是说明文，介绍了美国学校精神周的目的和各种庆祝活动。

【1题详解】

此题是词汇推测。根据下一句have one primary goal和That goal is to…可知，此段说的是学校精神周的目的。选项G意为：精神周的主要目的是让孩子们支持学校。primary goal和选项G中的main purpose 是同义词复现。故选G 项。

【2题详解】

此题是代词指代和逻辑线索。此段是说明精神周的目的。选项F意为：这也是确认在那个赛季中参加比赛的运动队时候。选项F也是说明精神周的目的之一，其中it 指代Spirit Week，also表示递进关系。故选F项。

【3题详解】

此段谈论的是精神周的各种活动。空前一句谈论的是“学生通过穿识别性的服装表示对学校的支持”，空后一句提到Monday …Tuesday's Hawaiian shirt day…Wednesday's silly T-shirt day..Thursday… Friday's school colors day可知， 学生一周中每天着装不一样。选项C意为：他们一周中的每一天都可以穿不同的。选项C是承上启下。故选C 项。

【4题详解】

选项D意为：孩子们不是唯一为精神周打扮的人；下文提到“学生用横幅、海报和其他装饰品装饰墙壁、大厅和教室”。选项D中be dressed up 和下一句decorate意思相近。是词汇复现。故选D 项。

【5题详解】

空前一句提到“因为父母也喜欢精神周”；选项E意为：看到孩子们对学校活动充满热情，他们非常高兴。选项E说明父母喜欢精神周的原因。故选E项。

【点睛】七选五做题技巧

1. 略读文章抓大意

即以最快的速度跳跃式地浏览文章的大小标题、首段、每段的首句，以及表示句、段关系的连接性词语，如however, but等词后的内容，以了解文章的基本结构和内容大意。

如此篇文章可以跳跃式地浏览文章，会发现每一小段的首句就是该小段的主题句。第一段是主题是“学校举行精神周”，第二段主题是“精神周的目的”，第三段主题是“精神周的活动”。

2. 重点阅读上下句

因为正确选项必定会与上下句之间语义衔接、逻辑通顺，解题时大多只看上句，或只看下句，就可基本确定答案。

如第3小题，空前一句谈论的是“学生通过穿识别性的服装表示对学校的支持”，空后一句谈论“学生一周每天穿的不同的衣服”。选项C是承上启下，从而推断出选项。

3. 词语复现显神功

上下文与主题相关的词语通常会以原词、同义词、近义词、同根词或同范畴词等形式在上下文中重复出现。

如第1小题此题线索是词汇复现。空后一句中的primary goal和选项G中的main purpose 是同义词复现，从而确定选项。

值得注意的是，有的题利用词语复现解题十分管用，但这并不意味着凡与上句或下句有复现词的选项就一定是正确选项，只是正确的可能性更大，在解题过程中需重点考虑或优选考虑而已。是否为正确答案，还得将含复现词的选项代入原文，看该选项与上下文是否真的衔接，只有上下衔接紧密的才是正确选项。

4. 代词、逻辑亦管用

七选五就是考查上下文之间的衔接，而代词和逻辑是语篇衔接的重要手段之一，故解题中要善于利用这些衔接手段。

如第2小题，选项F中，it 指代Spirit Week，also表示递进关系。代词指代和逻辑可以帮助确定选项。

三、

1．选GG项所述“成长环境不同让我们觉得自己与他们没有任何相似之处”与“Sometimes it can be difficult to relate to the generations that have come before us.” 有意义上的递进关系。

2．选D　设空前一句中的informal与D项中的traditional构成反义；设空后一句中的They指代D项中的Some elderly people。

3．选B　设空处为段落小标题。根据本段的内容介绍，尤其是poor eyesight or hearing等关键词可知，B项“不要假设他们身患残疾”符合语境。

4．选F　设空处与前一句“If you're unsure whether an older person has such problems, just ask.”之间暗含了因果关系。F项所述“直截了当总好过冒险惹人生气”符合语境。

5．选C　设空前一句“It's easy to think that older people don't have much going on because they don't do many of the things that they used to when they were younger.”的大意是：我们常不假思索就认为老年人的生活很单调，因为他们不再像过去年轻时做那么多事情。再结合空后的内容可知，空处与上文为转折关系，故C项“然而，许多老年人依旧很活跃”符合语境。