第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）

第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

An Unexpected Gift

Twelve-year-old Mathew Flores is different from other kids. He loves junk (垃圾) mail, and these advertisements were the only reading materials ___1___ to him. Once he asked his mailman if he could offer him some.

The question ___2___ the mailman. He asked the boy the reason, and then recorded his ___3___ in his Facebook. “Today while delivering mail, I saw a boy reading ads, and he asked me for extra mail. Actually he wants to go to the library, but his family is very poor and can’t ___4___ the bus.”

The mailman then asked his Facebook friends if they could ___5___ some books for the boy. He wrote, “Most kids want electronic products! But what he wants is books. It’s great to see his rare ___6___, and you may have seen him smile when I said I could help him!” “He is counting on me,” he concluded. “So I am counting on you!”

The mailman thought the Facebook post might ___7___ 50 to 60 books. But his ___8___ was passed on quickly. People from around the world, including the UK, Australia and India, have sent books. Hundreds of books have been delivered to the boy’s door, with hundreds more ___9___ on their way.

When books first started arriving, Flores was shocked by what happened. “I thought they were ____10____, but they indeed were for me.” He says that he can’t wait to share the books with other kids, and has promised to read every one.

1. A. natural B. available

C. common D. familiar

2. A. frightened B. disappointed

C. surprised D. amused

3. A. response B. effort

C. decision D. comment

4. A. own B. take

C. share D. afford

5. A. adjust B. examine

C. spare D. publish

6. A. desire B. effect

C. purpose D. value

7. A. give away B. bring in

C. take on D. put up

8. A. belief B. spirit

C. secret D. request

9. A. only B. nearly

C. still D. thus

10. A. mistaken B. helpless

C. unusual D. awkward

【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. C 6. A 7. B 8. D 9. C 10. A

【刘凯老师解析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了邮递员无意间发现小男孩儿Mathew Flores因贫穷而只看不起书后，将他的故事发到在脸书上，网友们知道后，给小男孩送了好多爱心图书的故事。

【1题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他喜欢垃圾邮件，这些广告是他唯一能得到的阅读材料。A. natural 自然的；B. available可获得的； C. common共同的； D. familiar熟悉的。根据第二段中“but his family is very poor”可知小男孩之所以读这些垃圾邮件，是因为他的家庭太穷。所以这些广告是他唯一可获得的阅读材料。故选B项。

【2题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个问题使邮递员大吃一惊。A. frightened害怕的；B. disappointed失望的； C. surprised 感到惊讶的；D. amused觉得好笑的。根据分析可知，垃圾邮件一向是人们不喜欢的，而小男孩却问邮递员要垃圾邮件，所以在下一句中 “He asked the boy the reason” 邮递员问小男孩这样做的原因。可知邮递员是感到惊讶的。故选C项。

【3题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他问了男孩原因，然后在脸书上记录了他的回答。A. response回答； B. effort努力；C. decision决定；D. comment评论。根据前文 “He asked the boy the reason” 可知，他问了小男孩为什么要这些垃圾邮件，所以这里应该是将小男孩的回答发到了脸书上，故选A项。

【4题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：实际上他想去图书馆，但他的家庭很穷，付不起乘坐公共汽车的钱。A. own拥有； B. take 乘坐；C. share 分享；D. afford 付得起。根据“but his family is very poor”可知，小男孩的家庭很贫困，去图书馆但付不起乘坐公交车的钱。故选D项。

【5题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，这位邮递员问他脸书上的朋友们是否可以匀出一些书给小男孩。A. adjust 调整；B. examine 检查；C. spare 匀出 D. publish出版。根据下句“Most kids want electronic products! But what he wants is books ”以及“ some books for the boy.”可知，由于小男孩想要书，所以邮递员想让脸书上的朋友们匀出一些自己的书给小男孩。故选C项。

【6题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：遇见他这么罕见的心愿真是太好了，当我说我可以帮助他时，你可以想象他当时的笑容。A. desire心愿； B. effect 努力；C. purpose目的； D. value价值。根据上文中 “Most kids want electronic products! But what he wants is books”可知大部分的孩子都想要电子产品，而小男孩想要的却是书，他的愿望是很罕见的。故选A项。

【7题详解】考查动词词组辨析。句意：邮差本认为脸书上的帖子可能会收获50到60本书。A. give away 分发；B. bring in 收获；C. take on承担； D. put up张贴。根据下文“People from around the world, including the UK, Australia and India, have sent books.”以及“50 to 60 books. ”可知，脸书上的帖子让他收获了很多书。邮差本认为脸书上的帖子可能会收获50到60本书。故选B项。

【8题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但他的请求在网上传播很快。A. belief 信仰；B. spirit 精神；C. secret 秘密；D. request请求。根据上文可知，邮递员向网友们请求捐一些书给小男孩，所以这里他发的帖子应该是请求帮助的，故选D项。

【9题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：数百本的书已经送到了男孩的门口，还有数百本的书仍然在路上。A. only仅仅； B. nearly差不多； C. still 仍然；D. thus因此。根据上文“Hundreds of books have been delivered to the boy’s door.”以及“on their way”可知，有很多书都已经送到了男孩儿的门口，但还有很多书还没有送到。依旧在路上。故选C项。

【10题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当书开始陆续到达时，Flores被发生的事情震惊了：“我以为他们弄错了，但他们确实是送给我的。” A. mistaken 弄错的；B. helpless无用的； C. unusual 不寻常的；D. awkward尴尬的。根据本句中的连接词but表示转折，可知，弗洛雷斯一开始很惊讶，以为书是别人寄错了的。但后来知道书的确是送给他的。故选A项。

刘凯老师原文解析：

An Unexpected Gift 一个意想不到的礼物

Twelve-year-old Mathew Flores is different from other kids. He loves junk mail, and these advertisements were the only reading materials available to him. Once he asked his mailman if he could offer him some.

12岁的马修·弗洛雷斯和其他孩子不一样。他喜欢垃圾邮件，这些广告是他唯一能得到的阅读材料。有一次，他问邮差是否可以给他一些。

The question surprised the mailman. He asked the boy the reason, and then recorded his response in his Facebook. “Today while delivering mail, I saw a boy reading ads, and he asked me for extra mail. Actually he wants to go to the library, but his family is very poor and can’t afford the bus.”

这个问题使邮递员大吃一惊。他问了男孩原因，然后在脸书上记录了他的回答。今天送邮件的时候，我看到一个男孩在看广告，他向我要额外的邮件。事实上，他想去图书馆，但他的家庭很穷，负担不起公共汽车。

The mailman then asked his Facebook friends if they could spare some books for the boy. He wrote, “Most kids want electronic products! But what he wants is books. It’s great to see his rare desire, and you may have seen him smile when I said I could help him!” “He is counting on me,” he concluded. “So I am counting on you!”

然后，这位邮递员问他Facebook上的朋友们是否可以给他一些书。他写道，大多数孩子都想要电子产品!但他想要的是书。看到他罕见的渴望真是太好了，你可能也看到过，当我说我可以帮助他时，他脸上露出的笑容!他最后说，他还指望着我呢。所以我就指望你了!

The mailman thought the Facebook post might bring in 50 to 60 books. But his request was passed on quickly. People from around the world, including the UK, Australia and India, have sent books. Hundreds of books have been delivered to the boy’s door, with hundreds more still on their way.

邮差认为Facebook上的帖子可能会带来50到60本书。但他的请求很快就得到了批准。来自世界各地的人们，包括英国、澳大利亚和印度，都寄来了书。成百上千的书已经送到了男孩的门口，还有成百上千的书还在路上。

When books first started arriving, Flores was shocked by what happened. “I thought they were mistaken, but they indeed were for me.” He says that he can’t wait to share the books with other kids, and has promised to read every one.

当书籍开始陆续到达时，弗洛雷斯被发生的事情震惊了。我以为他们弄错了，但他们确实是给我的。他说，他迫不及待地想和其他孩子分享这些书，并承诺将阅读每一本。

D

Bright Nights, Big Problems

明亮的夜晚，大问题

Astronomers rate the darkness of our skies on a range of 9 (brightest) to 1 (darkest), and most of us spend our lives in the light of levels 5 to 8. All over the globe our nights are growing brighter, and almost nowhere are they growing darker. Studies increasingly link our overuse of light at night with health concerns such as sleep disorders and diseases. Other studies report the damaging ecological consequences and the big waste of energy. But the steady loss of darkness from our lives is not easily measured, for the true value of darkness is something we are barely aware of.

天文学家将我们天空的黑暗程度分为9(最亮)到1(最暗)，我们大多数人生活在5到8级的光线中。全世界的夜晚都变得越来越明亮，但几乎没有一个地方的夜晚变得越来越黑暗。越来越多的研究表明，我们在晚上过度使用灯光与睡眠障碍和疾病等健康问题有关。其他研究报告了破坏性的生态后果和巨大的能源浪费。但是，我们生活中黑暗的稳定消失并不容易衡量，因为黑暗的真正价值是我们几乎没有意识到的东西。

Since the beginning of time, a sky with stars was part of the common human experience. Everywhere on Earth, on most nights, people came face to face with the universe. This experience influenced their beliefs—their very understanding of their place in the world. Today, many of us live under skies which are polluted by light. We live under a night sky showing much fewer stars. Although our night sky continues to shape us, it is the absence of the universe around us that influences our beliefs to create. We are being shaped by a less experience of darkness, and most of us don’t even know what we are missing.

从一开始，满天繁星是人类共同经历的一部分。在地球上的每一个地方，在大多数夜晚，人们都与宇宙面对面。这一经历影响了他们的信仰以及对自己在世界上地位的理解。今天，我们许多人生活在被光污染的天空下。我们生活在星星少得多的夜空下。虽然我们的夜空继续塑造着我们，但正是我们周围宇宙的缺失影响了我们创造的信念。我们被较少的黑暗经历塑造，而我们大多数人甚至不知道我们错过了什么。

Our Milky Way galaxy is home to several hundred billion stars, and the universe home to several hundred billion other galaxies. A sky with a large number of stars encourages us to emphasize our importance, to imagine humanity as the center of all things. Face to face with the endless size of the universe, we have the chance to know how insignificant we really are. But we also realize the true largeness of our living on this planet, and realize that we have an enormous responsibility to care, that there is no other place to go, that home is here.

我们的银河系是几千亿颗恒星的家园，而宇宙是几千亿其他星系的家园。一个有大量星星的天空鼓励我们强调我们的重要性，想象人类是一切事物的中心。面对浩瀚无垠的宇宙，我们才有机会知道自己有多渺小。但是，我们也认识到，我们生活在这个星球上的意义是多么巨大，我们有巨大的责任去关怀，我们已经无处可去，我们的家就在这里。

“Everyone needs beauty as well as bread,” wrote John Muir, American naturalist. Lighting designers understand that without darkness, there is no “city of light”, and they work constantly to create their city’s atmospheric beauty by mixing artificial light with darkness. And with night’s moonlit geographies, its smells of desert rain and autumn fires, its insect symphonies interrupted by a bird’s call on a lake, natural darkness has many offerings of its own.

美国博物学家约翰·缪尔写道:人人都需要面包，也需要美貌。灯光设计师明白，没有黑暗，就没有光之城，他们不断地工作，通过人造光与黑暗的混合来创造他们城市的大气之美。夜晚的月光照耀着大地，沙漠之雨和秋天之火的气息，昆虫发出的交响乐被湖中鸟儿的鸣叫打断，自然的黑暗也有它自己的许多表现。

Yet we are completely involved in artificial light. Much of this lighting is wholly unnecessary, born of habit and lack of awareness. So let us become aware: simply by keeping our existing lights we could significantly reduce their negative effects on our body, our mind, our soul. Artificial light at night is a wonder, a quality that enriches our lives. But the same has always been true of darkness, and can be again.

然而，我们完全卷入了人造光。大部分的照明都是完全不必要的，是由于习惯和缺乏意识而产生的。所以，让我们意识到:只要保持现有的灯光，我们就可以显著减少它们对我们身体、思想和灵魂的负面影响。夜晚的人造光是一个奇迹，一个丰富我们生活的品质。但黑暗一直都是如此，而且还会再次出现。

31. The author suggests that because of light pollution we ______.

A. tend to come face to face with the universe

B. need a lot of imagination to understand the universe

C. are considerably less creative than our ancient ancestors were

D. experience the world in a different way to previous generations

32. What does the author think about humans in Paragraph 3?

A. We have an over-confident belief in our own value.

B. We behave as if nothing exists apart from ourselves.

C. We ignore the requirement of looking after our planet.

D. We avoid thinking too deeply about our role on Earth.

33. Why does the author include references to rain, fires and wildlife?

A. To illustrate the boring life at night without artificial light.

B. To explain why people think lighting is necessary at night.

C. To provide an example of the attractive qualities of night-time.

D. To highlight the differences between urban and natural environments.

34. We can learn from the last paragraph that the author is ______.

A. clear about the reasons why artificial light is essential

B. dissatisfied with people’s lack of interest in artificial light

C. willing to draw comparisons between artificial light and darkness

D. hopeful that people will become aware of the negative impact of lights

【答案】31. D 32. A 33. C 34. C

【刘凯老师解析】 这是一篇议论文。越来越多的研究表明，我们在晚上过度使用灯光与睡眠障碍和疾病等健康问题有关。但是，我们生活中黑暗的稳定消失并不容易衡量，因为黑暗的真正价值是我们几乎没有意识到的东西。文中作者通过将人造光和自然的黑暗相对比，告诉我们应当肩负起保护星球家园的责任。

【31题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Since the beginning of time, a sky with stars was part of the common human experience. Everywhere on Earth, on most nights, people came face to face with the universe. This experience influenced their beliefs—their very understanding of their place in the world. Today, many of us live under skies which are polluted by light. We live under a night sky showing much fewer stars. Although our night sky continues to shape us, it is the absence of the universe around us that influences our beliefs to create. We are being shaped by a less experience of darkness, and most of us don’t even know what we are missing.(从一开始，满天繁星是人类共同经历的一部分。在地球上的每一个地方，在大多数夜晚，人们都与宇宙面对面。这种经历影响了他们的信仰——他们对自己在世界上地位的理解。今天，我们许多人生活在被光污染的天空下。我们生活在星星少得多的夜空下。虽然我们的夜空继续塑造着我们，但正是我们周围宇宙的缺失影响了我们创造的信念。我们被较少的黑暗经历所塑造，我们大多数人甚至不知道我们错过了什么)”可知，作者认为，由于光污染，我们体验世界的方式与前几代人不同。故选D。

【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Our Milky Way galaxy is home to several hundred billion stars, and the universe home to several hundred billion other galaxies. A sky with a large number of stars encourages us to emphasize our importance, to imagine humanity as the center of all things. Face to face with the endless size of the universe, we have the chance to know how insignificant we really are.(我们的银河系是几千亿颗恒星的家园，而宇宙是几千亿其他星系的家园。一个有大量星星的天空鼓励我们强调我们的重要性，想象人类是一切事物的中心。面对浩瀚无垠的宇宙，我们才有机会知道自己有多渺小)”可知，作者认为人类对自己的价值过于自信。故选A。

【33题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中““Everyone needs beauty as well as bread,” wrote John Muir, American naturalist. Lighting designers understand that without darkness, there is no “city of light”, and they work constantly to create their city’s atmospheric beauty by mixing artificial light with darkness. And with night’s moonlit geographies, its smells of desert rain and autumn fires, its insect symphonies interrupted by a bird’s call on a lake, natural darkness has many offerings of its own.( 美国博物学家John Muir写道：“人人都需要面包，也需要美丽”。灯光设计师明白，没有黑暗，就没有“光之城”，他们不断地工作，通过人造光与黑暗的混合来创造他们城市的氛围之美。夜晚的月光照耀着大地，沙漠之雨和秋天之火的气息，昆虫发出的交响乐被湖中鸟儿的鸣叫打断，自然的黑暗也有它自己的许多贡献)”可知，作者提到雨、火和野生动物，是为了给夜晚迷人的魅力提供一个例子。故选C。

【34题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“So let us become aware: simply by keeping our existing lights we could significantly reduce their negative effects on our body, our mind, our soul. Artificial light at night is a wonder, a quality that enriches our lives. But the same has always been true of darkness, and can be again.(所以，我们要意识到：只要保持现有灯光，我们就可以显著减少它们对我们身体、思想和灵魂的负面影响。夜晚的人造光是一个奇迹，一种丰富我们生活的品质。但是，黑暗一直以来都是如此，也可以再次如此)”可知，作者乐于将人工光与黑暗进行比较。故选C。

老师介绍

刘凯，男，蒙古族，黑龙江省齐齐哈尔人。本科为哈尔滨师范大学英语系，硕士为北京理工大学。2013年美国亚利桑那大学访问学者，2015年澳大利亚新南威尔士大学ESL研修。2018年加州理工学院语言学双学位获得者。

北京市优秀青年教师，北京市级重点高中示范校骨干教师，多年高中一线执教经验，高三年级把关教师，多次参与东城区模拟试题命题工作，教学理念先进，教学成果突出，多篇教学论文获市区级奖项。

教育部课题研究员，参与国家十二五课题计划，并作出突出贡献，参与初中、高中各年级区级试题的命制，多次承担区级和市级研究课任务。

北京市科技英语优秀指导教师，所带学生在各级英语口语、作文竞赛中多次获奖；刘凯老师将扎实的英语基本功和严谨的学术思想作为教学的基础，课堂上善于寓教于乐，信息量大，内容丰富，使学生在和谐的课堂气氛下欣赏英语、享受英语、掌握英语、运用英语。

多次参加高考阅卷工作，参与人民教育出版社、北京教育出版社、外研社等各类高考教学用书的编写工作，有丰富的备考经验，国际核心期刊发表多篇论文。

2009-2012年期间，多次受邀在北京广播电台主持英语高考大纲解析及英语新课程改革节目，学术功底深厚，兼具偶像派与实力派特点，教风亲切洒脱，诙谐幽默，思维开阔，屡有奇思妙想，善于引导学生学以致用，对高考动向把握极其准确，深受学生和家长欢迎。尤其擅长英语语法和单词记忆法。