Afghanistan

阿富汗

The land of Afghanistan has a long history of domination by foreign conquerors. However, it’s still safe to say that the 1950s and 1960s was a hopeful time for the inhabitants of Afghanistan.

阿富汗土地长期以来被外国征服者统治。不过，可以肯定地说，1950年代和1960年代是阿富汗居民充满希望的时期。

The pro-Soviet Gen. Mohammed Daoud Khan, cousin of the king Zahir Shah, became the prime minister and looked to the communist nation for economic and military assistance. He also introduces a number of social reforms including allowing women a more public presence.

亲苏联的穆罕默德·达乌德·汗将军，国王查希尔·沙阿的堂兄，成为了总理，并向共产主义国家寻求经济和军事援助。他还提出了一些社会改革措施，包括允许妇女更多地公开露面。

Here’s a look of the country back then:

以下是当时的国家概况：

  • Students at the higher teachers college of Kabul
  • 喀布尔高等师范学院的学生

2. Co-ed Schools

2男女合校

3. Rush hours

三。高峰时间

4. People enjoying some music and tea.

4人们喜欢音乐和茶。

5. Art exhibitions

5举办艺术展览

5. Kabul International Airport

5喀布尔国际机场

6. American International School of Kabul (AISK)

6喀布尔美国国际学校（AISK）

8. Afgan High School girls

8阿夫根高中女生

This is Afghanistan when the Taliban took over:

这是塔利班接管阿富汗时的情景：

  • Look at the ruins
  • 看看废墟

2. Women did not have the same rights

2妇女没有同样的权利

3. Kids did not go to school anymore

。孩子们不再上学了

4. More ruins!

4更多的废墟！

As of March 2020, The US and the Taliban have signed an “agreement for bringing peace” to Afghanistan after more than 18 years of conflict.

截至2020年3月，美国和塔利班在经历了18年多的冲突后，签署了一项“为阿富汗带来和平的协议”。

Source:

资料来源：

46 Fascinating Photos Of 1960s Afghanistan Before The Taliban

46张60年代塔利班统治前阿富汗的迷人照片

US and Taliban sign deal to end 18-year Afghan war

美国和塔利班签署协议结束长达18年的阿富汗战争

A Historical Timeline of Afghanistan

阿富汗的历史时间表

Cambodia.

柬埔寨。

In short answer, Cambodia used to be a prosperous country. After the end of the Indochina War (1945–1954), under the leadership of King Norodom Sihanouk (1922–2012), the economy of Cambodia rapidly went up for the next twenty years, with remarkable achievements. In 1960, the GPD per capita of Cambodia was US$ 111,34 and it was even higher than both North and South Vietnam at that time (with US$ 51 and US$ 105, respectively).

简而言之，柬埔寨曾经是一个繁荣的国家。印度支那战争（1945-1954）结束后，在西哈努克国王（1922-2012）的领导下，柬埔寨经济在接下来的二十年里迅速崛起，取得了令人瞩目的成就。1960年，柬埔寨的人均国内生产总值为111，34美元，甚至高于当时的北越和南越（分别为51美元和105美元）。

During the 1960s, while Vietnam was stuck into a devastated war, the economy of Cambodia continued to develop rapidly. The capital of Phnom Penh was among the “pearls” of the oriental, where notable figures of the world such as French President Charles De Gaulle (1890–1970) and Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis (1929–1994) had their visits.

上世纪60年代，当越南陷入一场毁灭性的战争时，柬埔寨的经济继续快速发展。金边的首都金边是东方的“明珠”之一，法国总统戴高乐（1890-1970）和杰奎琳·肯尼迪·奥纳西斯（Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis，1929-1994）等世界著名人物都曾到访过。

However…

但是…

The fate of Cambodia was sealed on 18 March 1970, after the coup d’état against King Norodom Sihanouk, which was sponsored by the United States. Since then, Cambodia was stuck into a bloody civil war during the next five years (1970–1975), with hundred thousand deaths.

1970年3月18日，在美国支持下，针对诺罗敦·西哈努克国王的政变之后，柬埔寨的命运就注定了。从那时起，柬埔寨在接下来的五年（1970年至1975年）陷入了一场血腥的内战，有十几万人死亡。

Unluckily, the end of the Cambodian Civil War in 1975 did not mark the beginning of the new peaceful era for Cambodian nation. On the contrary, it subsequently marked the beginning of the Maoist genocidal regime of Khmer Rouge, as one of the most brutal dictatorships in 20th century. “Comrade Pol Pot”, the supreme leader of Cambodia at that time once said:

不幸的是，1975年柬埔寨内战的结束并没有标志着柬埔寨民族进入新的和平时代。相反，它随后标志着红色高棉种族灭绝政权的开始，成为20世纪最残酷的独裁政权之一。当时柬埔寨最高领导人“波尔布特同志”曾说：

“In the concrete revolutionary struggle of our country, we creatively and successfully applied Mao Tse-tung Thought·”
(Peking Review (北京周報), Vol. 20, No. 41, 07 October 1977, p. 25)

在我国具体的革命斗争中，我们创造性地成功地运用了毛泽东思想
（《北京评论》，第20卷第41期，1977年10月7日，第25页）

With Chinese Maoism in his mind together with strong military supports from People’s Republic of China, in just four years Pol Pot rapidly transformed his country into a massive “killing field”, where 2.0 to 3.0 millions of “counter-revolutionaries” or 1/3 of Cambodian population were exterminated! Historically, it was called the “Cambodian Genocide”, in which the whole country of Cambodia was returned to the “Year Zero” (Année Zéro). From a prosperous country during the 1960s, Cambodia became a constant famine-stricken and also one of the poorest countries in the world under the rule of Khmer Rouge regime·

波尔布特，加上中华人民共和国的强大军事支持，短短四年时间，他的国家迅速变成了一个巨大的“杀戮场”，200万至300万“反革命分子”或柬埔寨人口的三分之一被消灭！历史上，这被称为“柬埔寨种族灭绝”，在这一事件中，整个柬埔寨国家都回到了“零年”（Année Zéro）。柬埔寨从20世纪60年代的一个繁荣的国家，变成了一个不断遭受饥荒的国家，也是红色高棉政权统治下世界上最贫穷的国家之一。

The whole economic structure of Cambodia was totally bankrupt to the root when Pol Pot decided not to use the paper money anymore! The city of Phnom Penh subsequently became a “ghost city”. There were no more French-style coffee shops, no more luxury cars, no more beautiful lights of neon at night, but only the so-called “people’s communes” located around the country, where people were forced to work until their last breath. These below pictures were about the city of Phnom Penh under the rule of Khmer Rouge.

当波尔布特决定不再使用纸币时，柬埔寨的整个经济结构彻底破产了！金边市后来成了“鬼城”。不再有法式咖啡店，不再有豪华轿车，不再有夜晚美丽的霓虹灯，只有位于全国各地的所谓“人民公社”，人们被迫工作到最后一口气。下面这些照片是关于红色高棉统治下的金边市。

The “Cambodian Genocide” was finally ended on January 1979, when the Cambodian national uprising together with the Vietnamese offensive finally overthrown the rule of Pol Pot and his henchmen. During the next twenty years (1979–1999), together with the Vietnamese military assistance, the new government of Cambodia under the leadership of Hun Sen continued the fight against the remaining Khmer Rouge guerrillas until the death of Pol Pot in 1998 and the total disband of the Khmer Rouge faction in 1999.

1979年1月，“柬埔寨种族灭绝”终于结束了，柬埔寨的民族起义和越南的进攻最终推翻了波尔布特及其随从的统治。在接下来的二十年里（1979年至1999年），在越南的军事援助下，洪森领导的柬埔寨新政府继续打击剩余的红色高棉游击队，直到1998年波尔布特死亡和1999年红色高棉派系全部解散。

Since 1993, Norodom Sihanouk officially returned as a King of Cambodia. Meanwhile, all of the former leaders of Khmer Rouge regime were charged with their crimes against the humanity.

自1993年起，诺罗敦·西哈努克正式回归柬埔寨，成为柬埔寨国王。与此同时，红色高棉政权的所有前领导人都被指控犯有危害人类罪。

Nowadays, although Cambodia is not a rich country, but the revival process is going on, the whole country of Cambodia is again going up rapidly from zero and obtains average GDP growth about 7.5% annually.

如今，柬埔寨虽然不是一个富裕的国家，但复兴的进程正在进行，整个柬埔寨又一次从零开始快速上升，年平均GDP增长约7.5%。