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Class action lawsuitsarerare in the UK, although interest has been increasing since the Supreme Court approved the precedent-setting case at the end of last year, before it went back to the CAT for approval.

尽管去年年底最高法院批准了这一开创性案例后，人们对集体诉讼的兴趣就一直在增加，但在该案件等待CAT的批准之前，集体诉讼在英国很少见。

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体育锻炼不仅有利于身体健康，还有利于大脑健康，锻炼过程中释放的某种物质，或许可以使人类提高记忆力。

双语阅读

We have plenty of evidence already that exercise is good for the brain. Studies in both people and animals show that exercise prompts the creation of new neurons in the brain’s memory center and then helps those new cells survive, mature and integrate into the brain’s neural network, where they can aid in thinking and remembering. Large-scale epidemiological studies also indicate that active people tend to be far less likely to develop Alzheimer’s disease and other forms ofdementiathan people who rarely exercise.

我们已经有大量的证据表明运动对大脑有益。对人体和动物的研究均表明，运动可以促使大脑记忆中心产生新的神经元，有助于新细胞存活、成熟并融入大脑神经网络，从而帮助提高思考和记忆能力。大规模的流行病学研究也表明，经常活动的人往往比很少运动的人更不容易患上阿尔茨海默氏病和其他类型的痴呆症。

But how does working out affect the inner workings of our brains at a molecular level? Scientists have speculated that exercise might directly change the biochemical environment inside the brain, without involving muscles. Alternatively, the muscles and othertissuesmight release substances during physical activity that travel to the brain and jump-start processes there, leading to the subsequent improvements in brain health. But in that case, the substances would have to be able to pass through the protective and mostly impermeable blood-brain barrier that separates our brains from the rest of our bodies.

但是运动是如何在分子层面上影响大脑内部运转的呢？科学家推测，运动可能会直接改变大脑内的生化环境，而与肌肉无关。或者，肌肉和其他组织可能会在体育运动时释放一些物质，这些物质会输送到大脑，并启动一些进程，从而改善大脑健康。但如果是这样的话，这些物质必须能够通过把我们大脑和身体其余部位隔开的血脑屏障，血脑屏障具有保护作用并且大部分无法渗透。

Thosetangledissues were of particular interest a decade ago to a large group of scientists at Harvard Medical School and other institutions. In 2012, some of these researchers, led by Bruce M. Spiegelman, the Stanley J. Korsmeyer Professor of Cell Biology and Medicine at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, identified a previously unknown hormone produced in the muscles of labrodentsand people during exercise and then released into the bloodstream. They named the new hormone irisin, after the messenger god Iris in Greek mythology.

这些复杂的问题在十年前引起了哈佛医学院和其他机构一大批科学家的特别兴趣。2012年，其中一些研究人员在丹娜法伯癌症研究所和哈佛医学院的斯坦利·J·科斯梅尔细胞生物学和医学教授布鲁斯·M·斯皮格尔曼的带领下，发现了一种未知激素，实验室小鼠和人们在运动时肌肉中会产生这种激素，随后进入到血液中。他们将这种新激素命名为鸢尾素，以希腊神话中的信使神鸢尾命名。

A 2019 study by other researchers had shown that irisin is produced in the brains of mice after exercise. That earlier research had also detected the hormone in most of the human brains donated to a large brainbank— unless the donors had died of Alzheimer’s disease, in which case their brains contained virtually no irisin.

其他研究人员2019年的一项研究表明，小鼠运动后大脑会产生鸢尾素。翻译划线句，长按文末小程序码打卡，答案下期公布~

That study strongly suggested that irisin lowers the risks of dementia. And in the new study, which was published last week in Nature Metabolism, Dr. Spiegelman and his collaborators, including Christiane D. Wrann, an assistant professor at Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School and a senior author of the new study,set outto quantify how.

这项研究充分表明鸢尾素可以降低患痴呆症的风险。上周发表在《自然·代谢》杂志上的一项新的研究，斯皮格曼博士和他的合作者，包括马萨诸塞州总医院和哈佛医学院的助理教授、这项新研究的资深作者克里斯蒂安·d·朗，开始对这一结论进行量化研究。

本文节选自：The New York Times（纽约时报）

发布时间：2021.08.25

作者：Gretchen Reynolds

原文标题：How Exercise May Help Keep Our Memory Sharp

词汇积累

1.dementia