22考研外刊阅读《经济学人》双语精读版训练--苹果代表了一个过去的全球资本主义时代|外刊|翻译|苹果|谷歌

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中国高翻团队倾力之作

全文字数：1382字

阅读时间：5分钟

上期翻译答案

It is concerning but not surprising that many people are struggling to find reasons to be cheerful – and even less surprising that those who are worst off, and most insecure, are struggling most of all.

很多人都在努力寻找快乐的理由，这似乎已经是司空见惯的事了，但它实际上非常令人担忧——更为司空见惯的是，那些生活最糟糕、最没有安全感的人也是最饱受挣扎的人。

1.worst off: If you are badly off, you do not have much money

2.insecure: a job, investment etc that is insecure does not give you a feeling of safety, because it might be taken away or lost at any time

《本期内容》

导读

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库克充分利用了一个正在消失的开放、全球化的资本主义时代。他计划继续掌权5年或更长时间。他如何应对新环境将成为苹果故事的下一个史诗篇章。

双语阅读

Even by the standards of other tech giants, Apple is unusual. It is older (established in 1977); it mainly sells hardware; it is controlled by investors not founders; and it is more global, with a higher share of sales outside its home market than Alphabet, Amazon, Facebook, Microsoft, Alibaba or Tencent. Under Mr Cook’s supervision, it has exploited four trends.

即使按照其他科技巨头的标准来看，苹果也与众不同。它的历史更悠久(成立于1977年);它主要销售的是硬件;它由投资者而不是创始人控制;它全球化程度更高，在海外市场的销售份额高于Alphabet、亚马逊、脸书、微软、阿里巴巴或腾讯。在库克的掌舵之下，这家公司利用了四个趋势。

One is global supply chains: it has built an immense production network with China at the centre and components coming from around the world. This machine is beingcranked upahead of the launch of the new iPhone 13 next month, with unit sales of some 90m expected. As well as employing Chinese workers, Apple hasmade a killingfrom Chinese consumers, the second big trend. Its annual sales from China have roughly quintupled from a decade ago, to $60bn, more than those of any other Western firm.

其一是全球供应链:它建立了一个以中国为中心、由世界各地供应零部件的巨大生产网络。在下月发布新的iPhone 13之前，这个供应系统机器就已经启动，预计新型号销量将达到9000万左右。除了雇佣中国工人，苹果还从中国消费者那里大赚了一笔，这是第二大趋势。它在中国的年销售额大约是十年前的五倍，达到600亿美元，超过了其他任何西方公司。

Apple has also thrived in an era when governments were relaxed about firms with high market shares. While the handset sector used to be brutal (think of the rise and fall of BlackBerry), and is still very competitive for cheaper phones, at the high end Apple isascendant, with a revenue market share of over 60% in America and a dominant position in operating systems there.

苹果蓬勃发展的时代，正是一个政府对占据高市场份额的公司管制宽松的时代。翻译划线句，长按文末小程序码打卡，答案下期公布~

Rather than compete with rival tech giants, it has been a beneficiary of acartellishcosiness, receiving vast payments from Google in return for making it the iPhone’s search engine. The last trend is tax avoidance. Thanks in part to legal structures using taxhavens, Apple has made average cash-income tax payments of just 17% of pre-tax profits over the past decade.

苹果没有选择与科技巨头竞争对手竞争，而是成为了垄断联盟的受益者，苹果让谷歌成为iPhone的搜索引擎，作为回报，苹果从谷歌那里获得了巨额报酬。最后一个趋势是避税。在一定程度上得益于利用了避税天堂的法律体系，过去十年中苹果税前利润平均现金所得税率仅为17%。

However, those four trends are becoming less favourable. Geopolitical tensions threaten global supply chains. Western trustbusters are targeting tech, including those Google payments and Apple’s App Store, which Epic Games, the maker of “Fortnite”, accuses of levying excessive fees. And a deal this yearbrokeredby the OECD may gradually force multinationals to pay more tax.

然而，这四个趋势正变得不那么有利。地缘政治紧张局势威胁着全球供应链。西方反垄断者的目标是技术，包括谷歌支付和苹果的应用商店，《堡垒之夜》的制造商英佩数码指责苹果应用商店征收的费用过高。今年由经合组织斡旋达成的一项协议可能会逐渐迫使跨国公司缴纳更多的税。

本文节选自：The Economist（经济学人）

发布时间：2021.08.28

作者：Leaders

原文标题：Apple exemplified an era of global capitalism that has passed

词汇积累

1.ascendant