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1
自秦朝创立以来，我国形成了中央集权的统一的多民族国家形态，可惜暴秦并未珍惜这一成果，才使我国历史上出现第一位以平民身份登基为帝的人——刘邦。
在统一全国后，刘邦仍然马不停蹄，四处征讨异姓诸侯王，以继续打击分裂势力。在击败淮南王英布，返回途中经过了老家沛县，在望向父老之时，刘邦感慨并充满忧虑地唱道：
大风歌
A Song of the Gale
大风起兮云飞扬
The clouds fly,
for the gale begins to blow.
威加海内兮归故乡
With the world in my power,
back to my homeland I go.
安得猛士兮守四方
To defend my border,
where will I find another hero?
2
国家的统一、国内的和平给我们带来了享受假期的条件，而不会因为战乱或其他动乱而四处漂泊，与家人分离。
与此不同的是，唐代伟大的爱国诗人杜甫对于山河破碎，是亲身体会到的。
图片来源：123RF
虽然他自己的生活惨淡，却时刻不忘关心国家，也因此，才有了我们如今能够读到的壮美与凄美的诗篇。通过这些佳作，我们能间接认识国家动荡的给人民带来的痛苦，也可以学到杜甫忧国忧民的情怀。
春望
Spring View
国破山河在
The war ruined the state,though the land remains.
城春草木深
Weeds and trees in spring grow unkempt in town.
感时花溅泪
Flowers in this dark time bring me tears and pains.
恨别鸟惊心
Birds chirp sad partings, weighing my heart down.
烽火连三月
For three months. war breaks out time and again;
家书抵万金
Letters from home are worth fortunes in gold.
白头搔更短
I can't bear to stroke my gray hair again
浑欲不胜簪
It's too thin for even one pin to hold.
闻官军收河南河北
The Royal Troops Recapture the Regions North and South of the Yellow River
剑外忽传收蓟北
It' 's said that suddenly Jibei is recaptured;
初闻涕泪满衣裳
My gown got wet with tears when the good news I heard.
却看妻子愁何在
Looking at my wife, I see that her gloom has gone.
漫卷诗书喜欲狂
Packing up my books of poems, I 'm delighted soon,
白日放歌须纵酒
In daytime I shall enjoy drinking and singing;
青春作伴好还乡
We're going home accompanied by the green spring.
即从巴峡穿巫峡
From Gorge Ba through Gorge Wu we'll sail along the way
便下襄阳向洛阳
And reach Xiangyang.then steer for Luoyang straightaway.
3
杜甫所经历的，是国家动荡，山河破碎。而比他经受更大痛苦的，无异于是两宋之际的诗人李清照和南宋的陆游了。他们所面对的，是国破家亡和偏安一隅。面对国家分裂的现状，他们也无不为此痛心疾首。
李清照推崇项羽的英雄气概，希望人们能够有项羽那样的气魄和才能，重振国家。
夏日绝句
A Rhymed Quatrain
生当作人杰
One must be bold to be a great man.
死亦为鬼雄
And in death he 'll still be a hero.
至今思项羽
We regard Xiang Y'u as a real man
不肯过江东
Since back to Jiangdong he wouldn't go.
图片来源：123RF
4
陆游则愤慨与朝廷的腐败无能，时时刻刻盼望山河一统，中原光复。
示儿
A Request of My Son
死去元知万事空
That after death everything
Becomes void, I sure perceive;
但悲不见九州同
Yet, not to have seen my country unified is still what makes me grieve.
王师北定中原日
When the King’s northward-bound Army
The Central Plains does reacquire,
家祭无忘告乃翁
In your ancestral sacrifices
Forget not tell your sire!
5
两宋之际最为著名的爱国诗人，则非辛弃疾莫属。辛弃疾早年南下投宋，也曾身率数十骑闯入敌人营中捉拿叛徒，军旅生涯和个人性格塑造了辛弃疾慷慨激昂的词风，而报国无门空有抱负的现实也常使辛弃疾心感沉痛。
永遇乐·京口北固亭怀古
Yong Yu Tune-A Meditation on the Past at Beigu Gazebo， Jingkou
千古江山，英雄无觅孙仲谋处
Through the agcs the country has always existed.
But nowhere can be found the hero Sun Zhongmou.
舞榭歌台，风流总被雨打风吹去
The open stage for entertainment still remains there.
But the herocs have gone with the beating rain and blowing wind.
斜阳草树，寻常巷陌，人道寄奴曾住
The setting sun shines on the grass and trees in common lanes and streets now.
Where, it is said, Ji Nu一lived during that time.
想当年，金戈铁马，气吞万里如虎
In men 's memorics, what secmed like fierce tigers in those years
Was the momentum of armored horses and burmished spears.
元嘉草草，封狼居胥，赢得仓皇北顾
Yuan Jia" was rash, wanting L angjuxu to be his fief.
But finally he was beleaguered and pursued by his attacker.
四十三年，望中犹记，烽火扬州路
Forty-three years have passed. Looking toward the north.
You 'll remember the flames of war all around Yangzhou area.
可堪回首，佛狸祠下，一片神鸦社鼓
I can't bear recalling that time. In front of the Fuli Temple”
The cawing crows cat oblations. and the drums of worship can be heard.
凭谁问：廉颇老矣，尚能饭否？
Who would ask a question like this:
"Lian Po is getting old - docs he still have a good appetite?"
来源 | 新东方英语，转载自 | 明师俱乐部。版权归原作者所有，如涉及版权问题，请及时与我们进行联系。
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