衰老研究发展至今，走出了不少蜚声内外的学者，也诞生了不少具有潜在抗衰效果的明星物质，就比如新加坡衰老研究“国家队”领头人Brian Kennedy教授及其团队正探索的亚精胺。

图注：新加坡著名衰老研究学者Brian Kennedy

致力于“要让所有人长命百岁”的Kennedy教授，在成功打捞出线粒体中间产物AKG（α-酮戊二酸）后，选择将亚精胺收入麾下，令这一广泛存在于人体多组织及不少寻常食物中的物质，进入大众视野。

早在2019年，我们便已对亚精胺进行了物质科普，然时移事异，两年时间已经过去，如今它的研究进展到哪里？今天，我们就带大家来继续追踪亚精胺。

治病防癌，延年益寿，

可能存在完全独立自噬的新机制？

在说道亚精胺之前，它的“发家史”总还是值得提一嘴。三百多年前的某个平凡一天，在“看大门儿”工作岗位上的列文虎克（后被称为显微镜之父、微生物学开拓者）实在百无聊赖，便用自制显微镜观察起自己的精液，意外发现了些结晶化合物。

此后直到1926年，这些化合物的结构才被确定[1]——包括亚精胺在内的一类多胺物质。

说来，也算是赶上了现代医学和生命科学发展的好时机，连续几百年都“默默无闻”的亚精胺，竟在随后短短数十年里，摇身一变，成了能积极对抗心血管疾病[2-4]、降低癌症发生几率[5-7]或延缓发展进程[7, 8]、促进神经再生及改善认知[9-11]、调节代谢性疾病如肥胖[12, 13]的“神仙物质”。

不仅如此，亚精胺还挑战起“天命”，在延年抗衰方面开始挑大梁。

在“抗衰”上，亚精胺能逆转因衰老导致的昼夜节律紊乱[14]、增强干细胞功能[15]、促进组织再生[16, 17]；在“延年”上，更是被发现增加了模式生物酵母、线虫、果蝇和小鼠的寿命[18-20]。

这“扑面而来”的一连串研究报道，说明亚精胺身上这看似不可思议的功效，绝不是江湖趣闻、坊间流传，而是实打实经历了全球多个实验室的科学试验发现。

图注：亚精胺模型图

而亚精胺的神奇背后，多少离不开其作为一种非常优秀的热量限制模拟物，能够诱导细胞自噬、调控表观遗传如DNA甲基化，很好挽救了因年龄增长导致的如线粒体功能异常、蛋白质稳态丧失、慢性炎症积累等问题[21, 22]。

在去年6月，Kennedy教授团队的一篇研究中，亚精胺被报道能显著改善因高脂饮食导致的代谢功能障碍，并且当阻断已知亚精胺调控途径（FGF21分泌以及脂肪组织自噬）后，这一益处也未受到任何影响[23]，说明可能还存在其他“未被发现的作用机制”。亚精胺作用机制的长卷，正在徐徐打开。

“平替”之外，

亚精胺人体临床研究进展如何？

亚精胺科学研究生生不息，看着满当当的文献列表，只能真心感叹：国师真的好眼光！

然迄今为止，多数发现亚精胺有抗衰延寿功效的报道，都是在模式生物上开展，直接关乎人类的控制实验寥寥无几。除了发现人体器官、血液和尿液中亚精胺含量随衰老逐渐下降[24]，然后就是些人类细胞实验[18]，以及观察性研究中百岁老人血液中含有较高浓度的亚精胺[17]。

为了尽可能回复类似上方“我又不是果蝇”经典语录，笔者跟踪查询了现下亚精胺相关人体临床研究。根据美国NIH与FDA两大官方机构设置的临床研究登记网站记录，一项随访时间达20年（1995-2015年）、共招募829名45-84岁参与者的大型前瞻性队列研究发现，长期摄入富含亚精胺的食物，可显著降低人类死亡率[25]。

除此外，目前有4项亚精胺人体临床正在开展，虽不是直接挂钩寿命长度，但或多或少都涉及了老年相关疾病（比如心力衰竭、高血压），同样值得我们关注。

表注：目前正在进行中的亚精胺人体临床试验。来源ClinicialTrials.gov

时光派整理！富含亚精胺的常见食物

既然，亚精胺与人类健康、延年益寿存在较大关联，那是不是该从现在开始、马上补充起来？

2020年，在RAADfest上（注：反衰老与死亡革命大会，由非盈利组织“激进派延寿协会”创办于2016年），Oxford Healthspan公司推出其亚精胺补充剂Primeadine，号称为世界首款亚精胺补剂[26]。

但其实，像咱们在文章开头曾提到的，亚精胺是一种广泛存在于食物中的多胺，因而，完全可以通过有意识的合理搭配日常膳食实现补充。

为了帮助读者们更好参考，我们特意对“常见富含亚精胺的食物”进行整理，详可见下方表格。人为其食，每日陪伴着我们的生活点滴，正是通向长寿终点的指示路牌。

表注：常见富含亚精胺的食物品种及其亚精胺含量

抗衰国师Kennedy新宠！亚精胺“多箭齐发”，改善高脂饮食代谢损伤

有点污！精液中发现的这一物质，竟有抗衰老奇效！

—— TIMEPIE ——

这里是只做最硬核续命学研究的时光派，专注“长寿科技”科普。日以继夜翻阅文献撰稿只为给你带来最新、最全前沿抗衰资讯，欢迎评论区留下你的观点和疑惑；日更动力源自你的关注与分享，抗衰路上与你并肩同行！

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