白光发光二极管(White light-emitting diodes, WLEDs)的产生总是需要通过红(Red),绿 (Green),蓝 (Blue)三基色或者蓝(Blue),黄 (Orange)互补色发光体混合形成多色发光中心。多色发光中心具有不同的带隙。注入到高带隙发光体中的载流子或者在高带隙发光体上形成的激子会都很容易转移给低带隙的发光体。这些能量转移行为广泛地存在于不同中种类WLEDs中。那么,他们对WLEDs的性能会产生积极还是负面的影响,应该被抑制还是利用?

针对这个问题,南京理工大学相恒阳和曾海波团队最近进行了讨论与总结,并以“Energy regulation in white light-emitting diodes”为题在ACS Energy Letter发表了一篇聚焦综述(Focus Review)文章,论文地址:https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.2c00610

Figure 1.Luminescence materials, including organic molecules, quantum dots, and perovskites, and device structures of full-WLEDs: (a) multi-color emitters mixed in a SEL; (b) multi-color emitters stacked; and (c) a single emitter. (d) Energy-transfer behavior of different emissive centers in the full EL-WLEDs. (e) After the energy distribution is regulated, multi-color emissive centers generate balanced emissions for white light.

在本综述中,作者主要介绍了有机白光发光二极管(White quantum dot light-emitting diodes, WQLEDs), 量子点白光发光二极管(White quantum dot light-WQLEDs) 和钙钛矿白光发光二极管(White perovskite light-emitting diodes, WPeLEDs)中存在的能量转移机制以及在不同结构中的能量调控策略。

Figure 2.Schematic diagram of emission and energy transfer mechanism from the host to guests in SEL-WLEDs:(a)Type 1(complete energy transfer). (b)Type 2(partial energy transfer). (c)Type 3(no energy transfer). Schematic diagram of emission andenergy transfer mechanism in stacked WOLEDs. (d) WOLEDs without an interlayer. (e) WOLEDs with an interlayer. (f) Tandem WOLEDs.

Figure 3.Schematic diagram of emission and energy-transfer mechanism in WQLEDs. (a)Mixed SEL-WQLEDs. (b) Stacked WQLED with an interlayer. (c) Tandem WQLEDs.

Figure 4.(a) schematic illustration of an emissive mechanism for STEs. (b) Energy transfer mechanism of element-doped perovskite forming multi-color emissive centers.

作者认为可以通过精确调控主体与客体的掺杂比例,利用主体与客体之间的能量转移实现白光。也可以通过合理选择搭配主体与客体,或者在发光层之间引入单一插层,调控能量转移行为与能量分布,使更多的能量得到利用,改善器件的性能。甚至可以在多色发光层之间引入多层结构的中间连接层,使能量转移得到完全抑制,进而实现高性能的WLEDs。该综述可以对读者产生一定的启发,为开发高性能WLEDs和新型WLEDs提供一些研究思路。

参考文献:

Run Wang, et al. Energy Regulation in White-Light-Emitting Diodes, ACS Energy Lett. 2022, 7, 2173–2188

https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.2c00610

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsenergylett.2c00610

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