8月16日，国家卫生健康委、国家发展改革委等17部门发布《关于进一步完善和落实积极生育支持措施的指导意见》，要求各地完善和落实积极生育支持措施，为推动实现适度生育水平提供有力支撑。
国家卫生健康委17日举行新闻发布会，权威回应百姓关切。
On Tuesday, seventeen central departments, including the National Health Commission, the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, released a guideline that seeks to boost population growth. Comprehensive measures on marriage, fertility, nurseries and education are stressed in the guideline.
图源：新华社
领取生育津贴无需结婚证
8月17日，在国家卫健委新闻发布会上，有媒体提问“生育津贴的发放有地区提出了结婚证等前置条件，让一些未结婚但已生育的女性办理生育津贴可能存在障碍”。
国家医保局待遇保障司副司长刘娟回应称，“只要履行了生育保险的缴费责任，国家层面在待遇享受方面是没有门槛的，而且在经办服务清单上，关于享受生育保险生育津贴，也不需要刚才您说的那些材料。”
婴幼儿无人照料怎么办？
国家发展改革委社会发展司副司长、一级巡视员郝福庆介绍：国内调查显示，婴幼儿无人照料是阻碍生育的首要因素，城市中超过1/3的家庭有托育需求，但供给明显不足，特别是普惠性服务供不应求。各方研究和国际经验也表明，发展托育对减轻家庭负担、提高生育意愿，具有显著效果。
"Some domestic surveys show that the willingness to have children is hampered by insufficient nursery services. These surveys revealed that one-third of urban families need nursery services, a demand the government hasn't been able to meet," Hao Fuqing, an official from the National Development and Reform Commission, told a news conference on Wednesday in Beijing.
对此，《意见》要求各地要完善生育休假政策。同时强调，国家统一规范并制定完善生育保险、生育津贴支付政策，强化生育保险对参保女职工生育医疗费用、生育津贴待遇等保障作用，保障生育保险基金安全。有条件的地方可探索参加职工基本医疗保险的灵活就业人员同步参加生育保险。
未就业妇女通过参加城乡居民基本医疗保险享受生育医疗待遇。为领取失业保险金人员缴纳职工基本医疗保险费（含生育保险费），保障其生育权益，所需资金从失业保险基金列支。
The State will draw up a maternity insurance payment policy to ensure the safety of the maternity fund. Unemployed women can enjoy maternity medical care by participating in basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents.
鼓励相关机构企业提供
上门婴幼儿照护服务
虽然妈妈们的产假延长，但最多也只能照顾孩子到半岁左右。妈妈上班了，宝宝谁来看呢？
此次发布的《意见》就提出，要鼓励地方采取积极措施，支持隔代照料、家庭互助等照护模式；扩大家政企业上门居家婴幼儿照护服务供给；鼓励有条件的托育机构与家政企业合作，提供上门居家婴幼儿照护服务；鼓励有资质的服务机构、行业协会和专业人员，依托村（居）委会等基层力量，通过家长课堂、入户指导等方式，提高婴幼儿照护能力。
The nation will channel more resources into developing the public nursery sector, and more companies and social organizations will be encouraged to invest in nursery centers and build service stations in residential communities.
住房政策向多子女家庭倾斜
《意见》指出，进一步完善公租房保障对促进积极生育的支持措施，各地在配租公租房时，对符合条件且有未成年子女的家庭，可根据其未成年子女数量，在户型选择方面给予适当照顾；优化公租房轮候与配租规则，将家庭人数及构成等纳入轮候排序或综合评分的因素，对符合条件且子女数量较多的家庭可直接组织选房；完善公租房调换政策，对因家庭人口增加、就业、子女就学等原因需要调换公租房的，根据房源情况及时调换。
《意见》明确，住房政策向多子女家庭倾斜，在缴存城市无自有住房且租赁住房的多子女家庭，可按照实际房租支出提取住房公积金；对购买首套自住住房的多子女家庭，有条件的城市可给予适当提高住房公积金贷款额度等相关支持政策。各地可结合实际，进一步研究制定根据养育未成年子女负担情况实施差异化租赁和购买房屋的优惠政策。
Beneficial housing policies are being offered to families with more children. For example, cities are encouraged to raise the amount of housing loans with lower interest rates to those families. Each region is being encouraged to explore beneficial leasing and housing policies to families with more children.
鼓励弹性上下班、居家办公
同时，《意见》还支持有条件的用人单位为职工提供福利性托育服务，支持有条件的幼儿园招收2-3岁幼儿。并且鼓励用人单位结合生产和工作实际，通过与职工协商，采取弹性上下班、居家办公等工作方式，为有接送子女上下学、照顾生病或居家子女等需求的职工提供工作便利，帮助职工解决育儿困难。
Employers are encouraged to offer employees child care services as a work benefit. Kindergartens are encouraged to admit younger children who are from 2 to 3 years old. Workplaces are encouraged to have a flexible working system. Employers can discuss with employees ways of creating a flexible working mechanism, such as a work-from-home system, to help employees solve difficulties in child care, including sending and picking up children from schools and taking care of sick and young children.
编辑：陈月华
实习生：李睿
来源：央视网 中国日报 新华社
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