虚拟语气 - 高中英语重点语法:

一、单项选择

1.If I ________ to study, I couldn’t have passed the exam.

A.hadn’t stayed up

B.didn’t stay up

C.haven’t stayed up

D.shouldn’t stay up

【答案】A

考查时态。句意:如果我没有熬夜学习,我就不能通过这次考试了。分析句意可知,本句使用的是if引导的虚拟条件句,表示与过去的事实相反,使用过去完成时,故选择A项。

2.Be careful! Don’t take the vase________ it were made of steel.

A.as long as

B.as soon as

C.as if

D.once

【答案】C

考查连词。句意:小心点!不要动那个花瓶,好像它是钢铁制成的。A.as long as只要;B. as soon as一......就;C. as if 好像;D. once一旦。根据it were made of steel可知是虚拟语气,与现在事实相反。故选C。

3.The Smiths would like to ________ on a trip to Beijing, but it was called off because of their father’s illness.

A.go

B.have gone

C.going

D.having gone

【答案】B

考查固定搭配。句意:史密斯夫妇本来想要去北京旅行,但是因为他们父亲生病了,所以旅行取消了。Would like to have done是虚拟语气的一种表达方式,表示“本来已经做了,但实际上并没有做”,根据句意可知,事情发生在过去,因为他们父亲生病所以他们没有去北京,句子表达的是他们希望已经去北京了但实际上没去,应用have gone,故选B。

4.________ anyone treat me like that, I ________ complain to the manager.

A.Should; would

B.Did; should

C.Would; might

D.Could; might

【答案】A

考查if的虚拟语气倒装。句意:如果有人像那样对我,我会向经理投诉。根据句意可知,此句为if引导的虚拟语气,表示与将来相反,从句用if+主语+should+动词原形,主句用主语+would+动词原形。即句子为:If anyone should treat me like that, I would complain to the manager。If 引导的虚拟语气条件从句可以用倒装,即将should置于句首,省略if,故选A。

5.________ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often.

A.If it is not

B.Were

C.Had it not been

D.If they were not

【答案】C

考查虚拟语气。句意:如果没有那些免费的票,我不会去影院这么频繁。这是一个虚拟语气的句子,与过去事实相反,从句用“had+过去分词”,主句用“would+have+过去分词”。在虚拟语气的句子里,有时可以省略从句中的if,把动词be,助动词had等放在句首。故选C。

6.---Where have you been?

---I ________ in the heavy traffic. Otherwise, I ________ here earlier.

A.got stuck; would have come

B.got stuck; was

C.have got stuck; would have come

D.had got stuck; would come

【答案】A

考查时态和虚拟。句意:——你去哪了?——我刚在路上堵车了。不然我早就应该到了。结合问句句意可知问得是过去,要是用一般过去时,答句中出现了otherwise引,为含蓄虚拟语气,表示与过去的事实相反,用 would have done 的结构。故选A项。

7.Without your timely help during the accident, I ________ to the interview.

A.mustn’t have made it

B.can’t make it

C.couldn’t have made it

D.shouldn’t make it

【答案】C

考查虚拟语气。句意:在意外事故中没有你及时的帮助,我不可能及时赶上面试。根据句中的“Without your timely help”考虑句子是一个含蓄的虚拟条件句,主句需要使用虚拟语气,结合句意判断是对过去情况的虚拟,需要使用would/could/should/might+have done的形式。故选C。

8.It is strange that the prominent celebrity ______ into exactly the same trap where many former stars got arrested.

A.fall

B.fell

C.would fall

D.had fall

【答案】A

考查虚拟语气。句意:奇怪的是,这位著名的名人也落入了许多前明星被捕的陷阱。It is strange that sb. (should) do sth.是固定句型,意为“某人做某事很奇怪”,should可省略,因此空格处用动词原形fall,故选A。

9.It’s strange that he_______ have taken the books

without the owner’s permission.

A.would

B.should

C.could

D.might

【答案】B

考查虚拟语气。句意:真奇怪,他竟然没有主人的允许就拿走了这些书。在句型”It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that...”中,其中由that引导的主语从句通常用“should+动词原形”形式的虚拟语气,其中的should可以省略。故选B。

10.It is required that every student________ a foreign language before going abroad.

A.must learn

B.learn

C.learns

D.will learn

【答案】B

考查虚拟语气。句意:每个学生出国前都必须学一门外语。句型It is required that...,该句型中that从句要用should + 动词原形的虚拟语气,should可以省略。结合选项,选项B符合题意,故选B。

11.She insisted that the man who had stolen her wallet ______ to the police station.

A.sending

B.to be sent

C.be sent

D.being sent

【答案】C

考查虚拟语气和被动语态。句意:她坚持要把那个偷她钱包的人送到警察局去。根据句意可知,insist意为“坚持要求,坚决主张”,其后的that从句中用sb. should do的虚拟语气,should可省略,那个人是被送到警察局去,因此空格处是被动语态(should) be sent。故选C。

12.I highly recommended that he ________ another chance to try.

A.gives

B.gave

C.give

D.be given

【答案】D

考查虚拟语气。句意:我强烈建议给他再试一次的机会。recommend后的宾语从句用虚拟语气,谓语动词用should+动词原形,should可以省略,且谓语动词give与主语和是被动关系,故选D。

13.When the earthquake happened, it seemed ________the world were coming to an end.

A.that

B.as

C.if

D.as if

【答案】D

考查表语从句。句意:地震发生的时候,好像世界末日到了。A. that 连接词,无意义;B. as 正如,像……一样;C. if 是否;D. as if 似乎,好像。分析句子可知,此处引导一个表语从句,根据句意可知,从句使用虚拟语气,所以应用as if 引导该从句,故选D项。

14.The pianist listened to our request that he __________ in public again.

A.would play

B.must play

C.played

D.play

【答案】D

考查虚拟语气。句意:这位钢琴家听从了我们的请求,再次在公众场合演奏。此处为同位语从句,解释说明request的内容,且request表示“请求”时,所接的同位语从句一般用虚拟语气,其虚拟语气的结构为:(should) +原形动词,should可省略。故选D。

15.Don’ t blame the boy.He only made a mistake which others_______on such an occasion.

A.will make

B.would make

C.were to make

D.would have made

【答案】D

考查情态动词+have done。句意:不要怪那个小男孩,他只是犯了一个其他人在这种情况下也会犯的错误。根据句意,是小男孩犯了错误,其他人并没有犯这种错误,此处要用虚拟语气,且这个是对过去发生的事情的虚拟,would have done 表示对过去事情的假设,意思是“本来会做”所以空格处要用情态动词加have done结构,选D项。

16.It is time that the government _____ measures to protect the rare birds and animals.

A.takes

B.to take

C.take

D.took

【答案】D考查固定句型中的虚拟语气。句意:该是采取措施保护珍稀鸟类和动物的时候了。固定句型:It's time that 主语+一般过去时态或should+动词原形+其他。且句中should不能省略。故选D。

【点睛】

固定句型:It's time that 主语+谓语动词+其他,that可省略,time可由high,about修饰,从句中的谓语动词有两种形式,或者用动词的过去式(be用were);或者用should + 动词原形(should不能省略)。此句型为虚拟语气句型,表示“现在是某人该做某事的时间了”。含有该事早该去做而未做,现在去做似乎都为时已晚的意思。例:It's high time that the article were published.发表这篇文章是适时的。

It's time…句型是中学英语里使用频率较高的句型,其意为“该是……的时候了”。用法灵活多变,现就其有关句式归纳如下:⑴ It's time for + n.“该是(干)……的时候了。”  It's time + (for sb.) to do sth..表示“该是(某人)干……的时候了。”

17.The old couple loves the boy ________ he were their own son.

A.even if

B.unless

C.as if

D.though

【答案】C

考查从属连词和虚拟语气。句意:这对老夫妇爱这个男孩,就好像他是他们自己的儿子一样。A. even if即使;B. unless除非;C. as if好像;D. though虽然,尽管。分析句子可知,句子为状语从句,从句部分为虚拟语气,再结合句意可知,空格处应用“as if”引导从句,意为“好像”,从句谓语动词动作与主句谓语动词动作同时发生,从句要用一般过去时,“be”动词要用“were”。故选C项。

18.The new government desire corruption ________ as soon as possible to regain people’s trust.

A.should cure

B.is cured

C.must be cured

D.be cured

【答案】D

考查虚拟语气。句意:新政府要求尽快消除腐败,重获人民的信任。动词desire为“要求”之意,后接宾语从句,从句谓语用“should+动词原形”的虚拟语气,其中的should通常可以省略。corruption 与cure之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态。故选D。

19.We wish we________ harder when at school.

A.study

B.have study

C.will study

D.had studied

【答案】D

考查虚拟语气。句意:我们要是在学校时学习更努力就好了。wish后的宾语从句应用虚拟语气,结合语境和when at school判断此处是与过去事实相反,应用过去完成时。故选D。

20.— Sorry, Daddy. I am not getting on well with my studies.

— Well. ________ you hadn’t wasted so much time playing online games.

A.As if

B.Even if

C.If only

D.Only if

【答案】C

考查虚拟语气的用法。句意:——对不起,爸爸。我的学习成绩不好。——哦,要是你没有浪费那么多时间玩网络游戏就好了。A. As if好像,引导方式状语从句;B. Even if即使,引导让步状语从句;C. If only要是…多好,但愿;D. Only if只要,引导条件状语从句。If only接虚拟语气,表示对过去情况的假设。故选C项。

二、用单词的适当形式完成句子

21.It is important that every equipment__________(check) before the experiment.

【答案】(should)be checked

考查虚拟语气。句意:在实验前检查所有设备很重要。分析句子可知,这是一个主语从句,it作形式主语,that引导真正的主语从句,且在it is + important/ necessary...that句型中,从句通常用虚拟语气,谓语部分为(should) do,主语equipment和check之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,should后用原形(should可省略)。故填should be checked或be checked。

22.The workers in the factory demanded that their pay ________ (rise) by 20 percent.

【答案】rise/should rise

考查虚拟语气。句意:这家工厂的工人要求加薪20%。动词demand表示“要求”,后接宾语从句,从句用should +动词原形,should可以省略。根据句意,故填rise/should rise。

23.One major recommendation at the meeting is that these traditional customs ____________ (preserve).

【答案】(should)be preserved

考查语态。句意:会议上的一个主要建议是应该保存这些传统习俗。分析句子可知,主语“these traditional customs”与“preserve”是被动关系,应用被动语态,根据“recommendation”可知,其后对它进行补充说明的同位语从句应用虚拟语气,从句结构为that sb. should do sth.,should可以省略。故填(should)be preserved。

24.It is high time we ______ (go) to bed

【答案】went

考查虚拟语气。句意:该是我们睡觉的时候了。在固定句型“It is/was ( high) time + 从句”中,从句谓语用虚拟语气形式。从句为should+动词原形或者一般过去时。故填went。

25.I felt lost and anxious as if I ___________(miss) something of value.

【答案】had missed

考查虚拟语气。句意:我感到迷茫和焦虑,就好像我错过了什么有价值的东西。结合语境可知,此处as if引导的虚拟语气,与过去事实相反,从句用“had+过去分词”。故填had missed。

26.What makes me annoyed is that they completely ignore these facts as if they never _________ (exist).

【答案】existed

考查虚拟语气。句意:使我生气的是,他们完全忽略了这些事实,就仿佛它们不存在似的。分析句子结构可知,as if引导方式状语从句,且表示与现在事实相反的假设,故从句中的时态是一般过去时,谓语动词要用过去式existed,故填existed。

27.Henry played a passive role in the bet. What ________ have happened if he had known from the beginning what it was all about?

【答案】might/could/should/would

考查虚拟语气。句意:亨利在这次打赌中扮演了被动角色。如果他从一开始就知道这一切,会发生什么?本句话if引导虚拟条件句,分析句意可知是对过去事实的假设,所以if从句中用过去完成时态,主句为would/could/should/might + have done。故填might/could/should/would。

28.If people had got the warning earlier, they wouldn’t ________ (panic) at the sudden attack of epidemics.

【答案】have panicked

考查虚拟语气。句意:如果人们早点得到警告,他们就不会对流行病的突然袭击感到恐慌。If从句用过去完成时表示与过去事实的虚拟,主句would+have+done,故填have panicked。

29.Without the doctors timely treatment, patients in Wuhan ________(not survive) in the battle against the COVID-19 in 2020.

【答案】would not have survived

考查虚拟语气。句意:如果没有医生的及时治疗,武汉的患者就无法在2020年抗击COVID-19的战斗中幸存下来。由Without和句意可知,句子是含蓄虚拟条件句,含蓄虚拟条件句中主句部分用“情态动词+have done”,根据句意可知,空格处表示“武汉的患者就不会在2020年抗击COVID-19的战斗中幸存下来”,即表达 “本不会做某事而做了”,应用would not have done,因此空格处用would not have survived,故填would not have survived。

30.If I ________(know)the answer to all your questions, I would be a genius.

【答案】knew

考查虚拟语气。句意:我要是知道你所有问题的答案,我就是一个天才了。if引导的虚拟条件句,此处表示与现在事实相反的假设,从句谓语动词要用过去式。故填knew。

31.I would rather he ________(offer) me some good advice tomorrow.

【答案】offered

考查虚拟语气。句意:我宁愿他明天给我一些好建议。根据would rather+(that)从句,从句用虚拟语气(谓语一般用过去时表示现在或将来)可知,从句的时间tomorrow是表示将来,谓语动词的应用一般过去时态,应填过去式offered。故填offered。

三、完成句子

32.我的指导老师建议我报名参加高等物理,因为我擅长物理。(虚拟)

My adviser________ advanced physics because I'm good at it.

【答案】recommended that I should sign up for

考查虚拟语气。根据句意“建议”应用动词recommend,作谓语,且表示建议接的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气,其虚拟语气的结构为:(should) +原形动词,should可省略;表示“报名参加”短语为sign up for。应用一般过去时。故填recommended that I should sign up for。

33.如果猫、鼠和兔子被引入像这样的环境中,会发生什么样的变化呢?(虚拟语气)

What kind of changes would take place ________ to an environment like this?

【答案】if cats, rats and rabbits were introduced

考查语态和虚拟语气。根据句意提示可知,英文句子缺失的部分是“如果猫、鼠和兔子被引入”,应用被动语态be done结构,“引入”的动词是introduce,过去分词是introduced;此处这些动物并未被真正引入这样的环境中,故应用虚拟语气,表示与现在事实相反的假设,故if从句中的谓语动词用were。综上,本题填:if cats, rats and rabbits were introduced。

34.为了人类社会的可持续发展,人与自然和谐共处至关重要。(crucial;主语从句)

For the sustainable development of human society, ________________.

【答案】it is crucial that humans (should) live in harmony with nature

考查主语从句和虚拟语气。根据句意和提示可知,此处是“it is crucial that…”句型,其中it为形式主语,that引导主语从句。从句中常用虛拟语气,即从句中的谓语动词用“(should+)动词原形”形式,故可填it is crucial that humans (should) live in harmony with nature。

35.Mum ________ if ________ Jonny behind.

要是我撇下乔尼, 妈妈肯定会不高兴的。

【答案】wouldn’t have been happy; I’d left

考查虚拟语气。本句为if引导的虚拟条件句,表示与过去事实相反的假设,条件从句中谓语动词用过去完成时,主句用would + 现在完成时。再根据根据汉语提示。故填wouldn’t have been happy, I’d left。

36.你知道如果没有水,生命会是怎样的吗?

Do you have any idea________________ without water?

【答案】what life would be like

考查同位语从句和虚拟语气。分析句子结合句意可知,此处缺少idea的同位语从句“生命会是怎么样?”,应用what引导从句,谓语动词用“be like”;由without water可知,语意的表述是现在与将来情况事实相反或实现可能性不大的虚拟语气,谓语动词应用would do,故填what life would be like。

37.我有种不安的感觉,我本可以做一些更有意义的事 。

I had the uncomfortable feeling that I ____________ ____________ ____________ something more meaningful.

【答案】could have done

考查虚拟语气。句意:我有种不安的感觉,我本可以一些更有意义的事 。和过去的事实相反,主句的谓语形式应为:would/should/could/might+have done的形式,结合句意。故答案为could have done

38.我希望下周二能参加我姐姐的婚礼,可是那时我正在参加考试。(be)

I wish I __________________ next Tuesday,but I will be taking an exam then.

【答案】would be at my older sister's wedding

考查时态。从句中的“下周二”可知本句话使用一般将来时(will be)。wish(希望)后的宾语从句表达一种愿望,使用虚拟语气,使用would be。故填would be at my older sister's wedding。

39.要是他明天能参加我们的聚会就好了。(join)

If only he ________ ________ our party tomorrow.

【答案】would join

考查虚拟语气。if only表示“要是……就好了”,后跟从句时,从句中的谓语动词用虚拟语气,表示对将来的虚拟时,应用would+动词原形,表示“参加”应用join,所以第一个空应填would,第二个空应填join。故填①would ②join。

40.________ ________ ________ hard at poetry, I would have surely become a poet.

如果我当时努力学习诗歌的话,肯定会成为诗人。

【答案】Had I worked / studied

考查倒装句。根据汉意可知,空处应该填写“如果我当时学习”的意思,是与过去事实相反的意思,故用虚拟语气If I had worked/studied,因为是三个空,故把if省略,将had提前,故填Had I worked/studied。

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