24考研题源外刊阅读《科学家网》双语精读版训练--动物正在改变体型，以应对气候变化！|动物|外刊|气候变化|科学家网|翻译|鸟类

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上期翻译答案

There are plenty of famous cases of ground-breaking papers being rejected after flawed advice from reviewers, while seldom a week goes by without one field or another rounding on a shoddy piece of work on social media and asking how on Earth it passed peer review.

一些开拓性的文章在收到审稿人提出的并不严谨的意见，之后被拒稿，这种案例不胜枚举，同时，几乎每周都有或这或那的领域人士在社交媒体上对着一份低劣的文章破口大骂，质问这样的文章怎么也能通过评审。

《本期内容》

双语阅读

At the South African nature preserve where Miya Warrington and colleagues study Cape ground squirrels, the maximum daily temperature has increased by about 2.5 °C in just 18 years. The animals have evolved aquiverof tactics to tolerate the region’sswelteringheat, says Warrington, a conservation ecologist at the University of Manitoba.

在南非自然保护区，米亚·沃灵顿和他的同事研究开普地松鼠时发现，这里的日最高气温在短短18年内已经上升了约2.5摄氏度。曼尼托巴大学的生态保护学家沃灵顿说，这里的动物已经进化出一系列耐受这个地区炎热气候的生存之道。

Sprawling flat on the ground in a pose called splooting, for example, helps the animals shed heat from their less furry undersides. The squirrels also take shadyrespitesunder their bushy tails, which they curl above their heads like tiny parasols. When it’s really hot, the fossorial mammals retreat to theirburrowsto cool off. But Warrington warns that, even with all these options for keeping cool, “still they could be at the limits of their tolerance” due to such a rapid climactic shift.

例如，以一种叫做“板鸭趴”的姿势趴在地上，可以帮助动物从皮毛较少的腹部散发热量。松鼠还会在自己浓密的尾巴下乘凉，它们把尾巴卷在头顶上，像小遮阳伞一样。当天气很热的时候，这些窝栖哺乳动物就会回到它们的洞穴里乘凉。但沃灵顿发出提示，尽管有这些保持凉爽的方式，由于气候变化是如此之快，“它们仍然可能处在耐受的极限”。

That intense pressure could be why their bodies have begun to change shape, Warrington says. She found that,over the course ofjust under two decades, the squirrels’ already incredibly largehindfeet, which may help dissipate heat, have grown relative to their body sizes by about 11 percent. Meanwhile, their spine lengths have become about 6 percent shorter.

沃灵顿说，这种巨大的（环境）压力可能就是它们的身体开始改变形状的原因。翻译划线句，长按文末小程序码打卡，答案下期公布~与此同时，它们的脊柱长度缩短了约6%。

And the Cape ground squirrel isn’t the only animal that appears to be shape-shifting in response to climate change. As scientists accumulate more evidence that many species’ bodies are undergoing subtle changes over a relatively short period of time, it remains unclear whether their adaptations can keep ahead of spiking temperatures—and how close they may be to a breaking point.

开普地松鼠并不是唯一一种因气候变化而变形的动物。科学家们收集了更多的证据，证明许多物种的身体在相对较短的时间内发生了微妙的变化，但它们的适应能力是否能在气温飙升之前保持下去，以及它们离崩溃临界点有多近，科学家们尚不清楚。

Youngflesh sought to determine whether bird body sizes shrank temporally as climate change has driven hotter weather in areas throughout North America. “The scale of [their] project is immense,” he says, adding that to record this change in so many species over such a short period “really suggests that there is something global affecting all these birds—and climate change is what makes sense.”

杨弗拉什试图查明，气候变化导致整个北美地区的天气变热，鸟类的身体尺寸是否会随之出现暂时性的变小。“(他们)研究项目的规模很大，”他补充说，在这么短的时间内记录到这么多物种出现这种变化，“确实表明有一些全球性的因素影响着所有这些鸟类——气候变化就是这个影响因素。”

本文节选自：The Scientist （科学家网）

发布时间：2023.1.4

作者：Unknown

原文标题：Animals Are Shape-Shifting in Response to a Warming World

词汇积累

1. quiver

/ˈkwɪvə/

n. (尤指突然的强烈情感所致的)颤抖，颤音; 箭囊，箭袋; 一组(长度、形状各异的)冲浪板

v. 颤抖，抖动; 使颤抖，使抖动

2. swelter

/ˈswɛltə/