在现代化的全球格局中，中国和俄罗斯都是极为重要的大国。两国都拥有着丰富的历史文化和资源优势，在美版知乎Quora上，海外网友提问道：俄罗斯和中国，哪个国家更好更强大？这引起各国网友的围观和热议，我们看看他们的观点。

海外网友阿力克斯的回答

It's probably China. Compared with China and Russia, China's Comprehensive National Power is definitely stronger. But there are two obvious points: China, as a superpower, cannot be compared to the United States, but in the future, it can be seen that Russia clearly has no hope. Compared to Russia, China has only a slight deficiency.

大概是中国。比较中国和俄罗斯，中国的综合国力肯定更强。但有两点很明显，中国作为超级大国不能说可以与美国相提并论，但在未来可以看到，俄罗斯显然没有希望。与俄罗斯相比，中国只有一点点不足。

Economic/经济

This is similar to the technical field. Perhaps in the comparison between China and Russia, these two are the saddest for Russians. As a standard country in the Middle income trap, Russia's per capita income is not as high as China's, with a population of only 150 million. One of the sharpest comparisons is that China has a population of 1.38 billion, of which 100 million are in Guangdong Province, while Russia's total national economy is even lower than that of a province in China with only 100 million people.

这和技术领域是差不多的。也许在中俄比较中，这两个是令俄罗斯人最悲伤的。作为一个中等收入陷阱中的标准国家，俄罗斯的人均收入没有中国高，人口只有1.5亿。最尖锐的比较之一是，中国有13.8亿人口，其中1亿在广东省，而俄罗斯的国民经济总量甚至低于中国一个只有1亿人口的省份的经济总量。

area: 6,602,000 mi2

area: 179725 kmi2 (red region in first Chinese map)

面积：179725平方公里（第一张中国地图中的红色区域）

That's what I said. Compared to China, Russia's economy is very poor. Russia's economy is not as good as China's Guangdong Province and South Korea. The impact in the world is negligible. The economy relies heavily on natural resources, and apart from selling weapons, I will explain the reasons from a technical perspective below.

一如我所说的。与中国相比，俄罗斯的经济非常糟糕。俄罗斯的经济不如中国的广东省和韩国。在世界上的影响是微不足道的。经济极度依赖自然资源，除了出售武器，我将在下面从技术角度解释原因。

Therefore, since the start of sanctions in the Crimean crisis in 2014, the United States and the West have not come to purchase Russia's natural resources, while China has become a major buyer, and Russia, which relies entirely on selling natural resources to maintain its economy, has not grown at all.

因此，自2014年克里米亚危机开始制裁以来，美国和西方一直没有来购买俄罗斯的自然资源，而中国已经成为一个大买家，基本上完全依靠出售自然资源来维持经济的俄罗斯根本没有增长。

Military/军事

China's military bases are currently inferior to Russian military workers who have inherited the legacy of the Soviet Union. For example, Russia still has strong accumulation in aviation engines, fighter jets, missiles, nuclear submarines, aerospace and other fields, leading China. But Russia's advantage cannot be maintained for the long term. The disadvantage of Russia is that it does not have sufficient financial support, coupled with the backward manufacturing and electronics industries, as well as the decline of the shipbuilding industry, which limits Russia's military development.

In summary, returning to the economy is still necessary. The gap in military spending between China and Russia is huge. China's military spending is several times that of Russia, and its proportion to GDP also varies. The following pictures can clearly illustrate this gap. China's military spending accounts for less than half of Russia's GDP, but it is four times that of Russia. That's why the military strength gap between China and Russia is getting smaller and smaller.

There is also a very important point: Russia has more nuclear weapons than China.

还有一点非常重要：俄罗斯的核武器比中国多。

Technology/科技

Russia's technological level is currently as frustrating as its economy. Since the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Russia has never made any significant breakthroughs except in the military and industrial fields. In the Soviet era, they only focused on heavy industry, especially military industry, with other industrial levels in a mess. That is why Russia inherited the strong military strength and military and heavy industrial foundation of the Soviet Union, making it impossible for people to ignore its existence, but in other fields of the 21st century, it has no sense of existence. Russia's military technology is significantly stronger than China's in areas such as aviation engines, nuclear warhead technology, and some military and weapon technologies.

俄罗斯的科技水平目前和经济一样令人沮丧。自苏联解体以来，俄罗斯除了军事工业领域外，从未取得过任何重大突破。在苏联时代，他们只专注于重工业，尤其是军工，其他工业水平一团糟。这就是为什么俄罗斯继承了苏联强大的军事实力和军事和重工业基础，让人们不能忽视他的存在，但在21世纪的其他领域，他没有存在感。俄罗斯军事技术明显强于中国的领域：仅限航空发动机、核弹头技术以及一些军事和武器技术。

Compared to Russia, China has significant technological advantages in addition to military aspects. China was the leader of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and the most powerful country in it. For example, like virtual reality, artificial intelligence, quantum communication, robotics, biotechnology, and clean energy, China is the most powerful country in the world. For the Third Industrial Revolution, although China was not a leader, it belonged to those who came from behind and took the lead. In the fields of computer science and information technology, atomic energy has become the best level in the world.

与俄罗斯相比，中国除了在军事方面有着明显的技术优势。中国是第四次工业革命的领导者，也是第四次产业革命中最强大的国家。例如：就像虚拟现实、人工智能、量子通信、机器人、生物技术、清洁能源一样，中国是世界上最强大的。对于第三次工业革命，中国虽然不是领导者，但属于后来居上者。在计算机（超级计算机）科学和信息技术领域，原子能领域已成为世界上最好的水平。

From a small point of view, to say a cruel truth, China's civil industry has some aspects leading the world, and some aspects are not as good as the United States, Japan, and Germany. But they are all stronger than Russia. For example, China's best civil technology fields: drones, smart phones, high-speed rail, building technology.

从一个小角度来说，说一个残酷的事实，中国的民用工业在某些方面领先于世界，有些方面不如美国、日本和德国。但他们都比俄罗斯强大。例如，中国最好的民用技术领域：无人机、智能手机、高铁、建筑技术。

Education/教育

According to the USNEWS World College and university rankings, College and university rankings in the United States rank first, with 227 in total. China ranks second, with a total of 161, including 130 on the mainland. The UK ranks third and 78th. Japan and Germany tied for fourth place, 62nd place.

根据USNEWS世界大学排名，美国大学排名第一，共有227所。中国第二，共161个，其中大陆有130个。英国排名第三，78位。日本和德国并列第四，62位。

The data is collected by others. I didn't personally count the total number of universities in Russia because it was really troublesome. However, China ranks second in terms of the total number of countries on the list. It can already explain everything. Russia's higher education institutions are not as good as China's.

数据由其他人统计。我没有亲自统计俄罗斯的大学总数，因为这真的很麻烦。然而，中国在上榜国家总数方面排名第二。它已经可以解释一切了。俄罗斯的高等教育机构不如中国。

For high school education, if we measure it by academic performance (exam results), China is the best in the world. PISA shows that Chinese high school students perform best among the world's high school students.

对于高中教育来说，如果我们以学习成绩（考试成绩）来衡量，中国是世界上最好的。PISA显示，中国高中生在世界高中生中表现最好。

Cultural soft power/软文化

Before the 21st century, China's cultural output was basically zero. Many people learn about Chinese culture through American Hollywood and Disney movies. Of course, they express a huge deviation from Chinese primitive culture.

21世纪以前，中国的文化产出基本为零。许多人通过美国好莱坞和迪士尼电影了解中国文化。当然，它们表达了对中国原始文化的巨大偏离。

China, Japan, and South Korea all belong to the category of Confucian culture or Chinese culture. So the cultural heritage of their film and television works is very similar. Japan excels in animation, South Korea excels in TV dramas, and China excels in online dramas.

In recent years, China's cultural exports have flourished and its cultural soft power has been increasingly strengthened. In Asia, China's cultural exports are no longer inferior to those of South Korea. In addition to TIKTOK, there are also numerous TV dramas that have captivated many foreigners. I can give you some examples of online dramas here, and you can find some of them on Wiki:

Since the disintegration of the Soviet Union, Russia has had very little cultural output, but a film called Черная Молния (Black Lightning) made in 2009 is still very good.

自苏联解体以来，俄罗斯的文化产出很少，但2009年拍摄的一部名为《黑色闪电》的电影仍然很好。

The Soviet Union is truly a country with soft cultural influence, not Russia. Lenin was a well-known figure in the world in the last century. He is known as a Revolutionary and a liberator of the world's people. His thoughts have influenced many countries, including China. But with the upheaval in Eastern Europe and the disintegration of the Soviet Union, his influence gradually declined.

苏联是真正有软文化影响的国家，而不是俄罗斯。列宁是上个世纪世界上家喻户晓的人物。他被称为革命家、世界人民的解放者，他的思想影响了包括中国在内的许多国家。但随着东欧剧变和苏联解体，他的影响力逐渐下降。

However, the impression left by the Soviet Union is still greater than that of Russia. It is likely that people who are interested in the Soviet Union, like China, have demonized the Soviet Union through American cultural products such as the Red Alert. However, the weak cultural industry of Russians cannot reverse the impression that Russians have always been the imaginary enemies of the United States in the American game.

然而，苏联给人留下的印象仍然大于俄罗斯。很可能对苏联感兴趣的人和中国一样，通过美国的文化产品，比如红色警报，即使是美国妖魔化了苏联。但俄罗斯人薄弱的文化产业并不能扭转人们的印象，即俄罗斯人一直是美国在美国游戏中的假想敌。

China's cultural industry is developing rapidly, and its cultural soft power is also superior to Russia. Chinese has gradually become one of the most popular foreign languages in the 21st century world. China is still stronger than Russia in terms of cultural soft power.

中国的文化产业正在高速发展，文化软实力也优于俄罗斯。汉语已逐渐成为最受欢迎的外语之一?在21世纪的世界上。中国在文化软实力方面仍然强于俄罗斯。

In summary, China’s national strength index is stronger than that of Russia.

总之，中国的国力指数强于俄罗斯。

I wrote a lot and it took me a long time. I originally wanted to say something, but I was very tired. Afterwards, I would like to introduce the differences between China and the United States. My English is not good, please forgive me for making a bunch of mistakes.

我写了很多，花了很长时间。我本来想说一点，但很累。之后，我想介绍一下中美之间的差异。英语不好，请原谅我犯了一堆错误。

美国网友帕崔克的回答

I want to talk about China because it has defeated Russia in all possible factors that could affect international politics. China has a much larger population (10 times that of Russia), so it also has greater cultural influence (soft power) in neighboring areas. Although China is certainly still influenced by Western culture, we believe that almost every heritage unique to Western culture has its own version. The cultural connection between Russia and Europe is closer than any East Asian country, as 70% of Russia's population lives in Europe.

我要说的是中国，因为它在所有可能影响国际政治的因素上都击败了俄罗斯。中国的人口要多得多（是俄罗斯的10倍），因此在邻近地区也有更大的文化影响力（软实力）。虽然中国肯定仍然受到西方文化的影响，但我们认为西方文化所独有的几乎每一种遗产，中国都有自己的版本。俄罗斯与欧洲文化的联系比任何东亚国家都要紧密，因为俄罗斯70%的人口生活在欧洲。

China has a more populous and military. It's technology and training still doesn't match the US, but China certainly rivals Russia in what matters most in modern warfare: power projeciton. It's also worth noting that Russia's military are suffering from demographic torubles, which is the reason that foreign nationals are now able to enter the armed forces.

中国拥有更多的人口和军队。在现代战争中最重要的方面，中国无疑可以与俄罗斯匹敌：实力建设。同样值得注意的是，俄罗斯军队正遭受人口问题的困扰，这就是外国国民现在能够进入武装部队的原因。

China has more friends, although it has never allied with Western alliance systems such as the European Union, Japan, and South Korea, their economy and diplomacy are deeply tied together. Russia's geopolitical influence is not something to be proud of. Although it has good diplomatic relations with many countries, it has had a real impact on only five rather insignificant countries: Armenia, Belarus, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan (members of the Eurasian Economic Union and the Collective Security Treaty Organization) (on the international stage)

中国有更多的朋友，尽管它从未与欧盟、日本、韩国等西方联盟体系结盟，但他们的经济、外交深深捆绑在一起。俄罗斯的地缘政治影响力并不是什么值得骄傲的事情。尽管它与许多国家有着良好的外交关系，但它只对五个相当微不足道的国家产生了实际影响：（在国际舞台上）亚美尼亚、白俄罗斯、塔吉克斯坦、吉尔吉斯斯坦和哈萨克斯坦（欧亚经济联盟和集体安全条约组织的成员）

Obviously, China has also surpassed Russia in terms of industrial capacity and economic health. Unlike Russia, China's economy is larger and more stable, especially without falling into recession. China has recently performed well and its relations with the West are much better than Russia's. Russia has been facing joint sanctions from the European Union and the United States, which has always been one of Russia's great dangers.

显然，中国在工业能力和经济健康方面也超过了俄罗斯。与俄罗斯不同，中国的经济规模更大、更稳定，尤其没有陷入衰退。中国最近表现得很好，与西方的关系也比俄罗斯要好得多，而俄罗斯一直面对欧盟和美国的联合制裁，这一直是俄罗斯的巨大危险之一。

Overall, what I want to say is that China's influence on the world stage is much greater, even if it does not attempt to intervene in conflicts and expand its sphere of influence.

总的来说，我想说的是，中国在世界舞台上的影响力要大得多，即使它不试图干预冲突并扩大其影响力范围。

海外网友米莎的回答

Before obtaining an accurate answer to this question, you must define what you mean by 'stronger'; That is to say, what are your criteria for judging strength? That is to say, I will decompose some standard indicators below.

在这个问题得到准确回答之前，你必须定义你所说的“更强”是什么意思；也就是说，你判断力量的标准是什么？也就是说，我将在下面分解一些标准指标。

1) Population: China has a larger population.

1） 人口：中国人口较多。

2) Economy: China is a global Economic power ("superpower"), but Russia is not. In addition, Economy of Russia's economy is relatively stagnant and heavily dependent on limited exports of natural resources, while China's economy is growing and does not rely on natural resources. Both countries heavily rely on foreign trade.

2） 经济：中国是全球经济大国（“超级大国”），而俄罗斯不是。此外，俄罗斯经济相对停滞，严重依赖有限的自然资源出口，而中国经济正在增长，不依赖自然资源。两国都严重依赖对外贸易。

3) Military: Russia and China are both regional powers and not global powers ("superpowers"). When comparing these two armies side by side, you must once again provide a measure to judge them. For example, if you compare the navy, then Russia seems to be stronger; When you compare the military, you will find that China is stronger.

3） 军事：俄罗斯和中国都是地区大国，都不是全球大国（“超级大国”）。当并排比较这两支军队时，你必须再次提供一个衡量标准来判断它们。例如：如果你比较海军，那么俄罗斯似乎更强大；当你比较军队时，就会发现中国更强大。

If they fight a nuclear war, who will win? Not all of them will lose (the whole world will also lose). Even a "small" nuclear exchange would destroy both countries and cause large-scale radioactive fallout.

3a）如果他们打核战争，谁会赢？也不他们都会输（整个世界也会输）。即使是一个“小”的核交换也会毁灭两国，并造成大规模的放射性沉降。

3b) If they fight a non nuclear war, who will win? Undoubtedly, China. This is because the war between them will depend on cash (economic strength), available manpower (population), and land warfare (rather than sea and air). China ranks among the top. Side note: Russia will initially have an advantage in air power, but due to the lack of stealth technology, this advantage has been alleviated. In other words, China's Anti-aircraft gun make up for their lack of air power.

3b）如果他们打一场非核战争，谁会赢？毫无疑问，中国。这是因为他们之间的战争将依赖于：现金（经济实力）、可用的人力（人口）和陆战（而不是海空）。中国名列前茅。附带说明：俄罗斯在空中力量方面最初会有优势，但由于缺乏隐形技术，这一优势有所缓解。换句话说，中国的高射炮弥补了他们空中力量的不足。

4) Positive long-term trend: There are no objective, long-term predictions indicating that Russia (under its current leadership) will once again become a global superpower. In contrast, China will soon become the world's largest economy (if not yet) and is expected to join the United States as a global military superpower within the next 25 years.

4） 积极的长期趋势：没有客观、长期的预测表明俄罗斯（在其目前的领导下）将再次成为全球超级大国。与此形成对比的是，中国将很快成为全球第一经济体（如果还没有的话），并预计在未来25年内加入美国，成为全球军事超级大国。

5) Negative long-term trends: Both countries have a series of long-term challenges that must be addressed. From a demographic perspective, they all have long-term problems: Russia, which has a declining birth rate and talent turnover rate (graduates from technical universities often leave the country), and China, which has an imbalanced and aging population (the proportion of elderly to young people is constantly increasing), will bring enormous pressure to each country.

5） 消极的长期趋势：这两个国家都有一系列必须应对的长期挑战。从人口统计角度来看，他们都有长期问题：出生率和人才流失率不断下降的俄罗斯（技术大学毕业生往往会离开这个国家）和人口不平衡、老龄化的中国（老年人与青年人的比例不断上升）将给每个国家带来巨大压力。