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近几年,非肿瘤领域的临床需求逐渐进入众多制药企业的视野,尤其是肥胖、代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝炎(MASH)、炎症性肠病(IBD)等疾病领域。其中,IBD作为西方国家的高发疾病,是制药巨头的重点关注对象。

1998年,英夫利西单抗获FDA批准用于治疗克罗恩病(CD),开启了IBD的靶向治疗之路。如今26年光景过去,IBD领域的创新靶向疗法已多达13款,其中最畅销药物维得利珠单抗(主要适应症为IBD)的销售额已超50亿美元。

获批IBD适应症的靶向药物(亿美元)

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注:维得利珠单抗的销售额为自然年收入。

疾病负担的加重仍在推动IBD市场规模的扩大。目前全球约有600-800万IBD患者[1,2],其中欧美国家IBD患者已超过500万。而中国的IBD发病率也在快速增长,2019年患者规模已达到91万[3]。据Transparency Market Research预测,IBD市场规模到2030年将达到490亿美元。

如此庞大的市场需求也吸引了众多玩家入局。自2023年至今,IBD领域已达成23项交易,交易额总计超200亿美元。

2023年至今IBD领域重大交易(亿美元)

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注:仅统计总交易额超1亿美元的合作/收购交易

BD交易如火如荼进行的同时,IBD领域的产品开发争霸赛也高潮迭起。目前,阿达木单抗、乌司奴单抗、维得利珠单抗、乌帕替尼和利生奇珠单抗是在IBD领域激战正酣的五大明星产品。

IBD领域五大明星产品疗效一览

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注: 1)阿达木单抗的溃疡性结肠炎疗效数据选自GAIN研究,因其同时纳入了欧美人群; 2)*为诱导治疗数据; #为维持治疗数据; 3)以上研究的对照组均为安慰剂组。

阿达木单抗凭借着至少7年的先发优势,再加上在类风湿性关节炎、银屑病关节炎和强直性脊柱炎三项自免适应症上的市场渗透经验,抢占IBD市场份额算是轻车熟路。但是在维得利珠单抗上市之后,阿达木单抗在IBD领域的地位开始下降。因为anti-α4β7提供了更强的靶向治疗效果[18],维得利珠单抗在针对UC的头对头研究中成功击败了阿达木单抗[19]。

靶向IL-12/IL-23的乌司奴单稍晚一些加入战局,试图冲击IBD药物的市场格局。不过,相比于前两款产品,乌司奴单抗针对IBD的治疗效果并未有明显提升,这恐怕也是其销售额在获批CD适应症后未大幅上升的原因之一。遗憾的是,其挑战阿达木单抗的III期SEAVUE研究也以失败告终[20]。

作为自免疾病赛道的领军企业,强生在IL-23靶点上推陈出新和巩固优势。新一代产品古塞奇尤单抗在IBD领域也交出一份满意的答卷。今年4月,古塞奇尤单抗对比乌司奴单抗治疗CD的两项头对头研究大获成功,而其诱导治疗和维持治疗UC的III期QUASAR研究也顺利达到主要终点。IBD的战局迎来一个实力选手。

艾伯维的当家产品阿达木单抗失去市场独占期,但接棒产品乌帕替尼已经成长起来。在IBD的适应症上,无论是诱导治疗还是维持治疗,乌帕替尼对CD和UC均有着超群的治疗效果。口服的独特优势也让其在市场竞争中如虎添翼。上市第5年,乌帕替尼的年销售额已接近40亿美元。利生奇珠单抗是艾伯维在IBD领域的另一个筹码,该产品已在头对头研究中打败乌司奴单抗。

从临床数据来看,乌帕替尼、利生奇珠单抗和古塞奇尤单抗在IBD上的疗效范围接近,未来几年IBD领域的战况也将是这三款产品主导。

3款产品疗效一览

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注:1)*为诱导治疗数据;#为维持治疗数据;2)除红色标注数据的对照组为乌司奴单抗外,其余研究的对照组均为安慰剂。

IBD作为市场规模可观的自免疾病之一,难免会让药企趋之若鹜,包括靶向IL-23的药物竞争也着实激烈。除了艾伯维和强生在这一赛道双龙际会,礼来的IL-23单抗mirikizumab正迎头赶上,还有多款国产IL-23靶向药物对国内IBD市场虎视眈眈。竞争激烈如斯,同赛道玩家阿斯利康已及时止损。

国产IL-23靶向药物在研情况

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临床需求尚未得到充分满足的IBD领域已成为药企扩张自免业务版图的不二选择,其战况已有日益焦灼之势。自英夫利西单抗上市以来,靶向TNF-α、IL-12、IL-23等炎症因子的疗法已统治IBD领域二十多年,不过这种局面正在发生改变。去年7月,默沙东高价收购Prometheus Biosciences让TNF样配体1A(TL1A)靶点开始进入IBD玩家的视野。目前该赛道已达成4项授权/收购交易,总交易额超200亿美元,热度瞩目。未来,IBD领域的市场之战也将有TL1A抗体的一席之地。国内药企诸如康方生物、信达生物、恒瑞医药等也在奋力加入战局。未来这个赛道将碰撞出怎样的火花,且拭目以待吧。

- 上下滑动查看参考资料 -

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