7月4日，上海合作组织成员国元首理事会第24次会议将在主席国哈萨克斯坦总统托卡耶夫主持下于阿斯塔纳举行。
7月2日，欢迎旗帜飘扬在哈萨克斯坦首都阿斯塔纳街头。新华社记者 王建华 摄
上合组织 （the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, SCO） 成立23年以来，始终对内遵循“互信、互利、平等、协商、尊重多样文明、谋求共同发展”的“上海精神”，对外奉行不结盟、不针对其他国家和地区及开放原则；始终照顾彼此利益诉求，坚持共商共建共享原则，强化发展战略对接，积极推动贸易、交通、能源、科技等领域合作。
“义利之辨”是中国传统伦理思想史上的核心问题。儒家高举“先义后利”的大旗；墨子曰：“万事莫贵于义”；韩非子认为，只有维护以封建君主为代表的国家利益的行为和思想，才称得上是仁义的。
那么上合组织是如何回答这一议题的？上合组织“义利观”又是如何体现的？就让我们一起潜入历史的脉络，通过一系列的中华思想文化术语，体悟中华民族的精神实质，汲取思想智慧。
以下中英文内容来自中华思想文化术语传播工程核心成果——《中华思想文化术语》丛书。
国以义为利
A State Should Regard Righteousness as a Benefit.
国家以道义为根本利益。“义利之辨”是中国思想史上历久弥新的议题，“以义为利”则是先哲确立的基本理念。小到一身，大到一国，无利不存，但古人注重利与义的统一，认为利的本质乃是与义相合，实现利与义的和谐统一，不能因利害义，妨害大局。依照这一理念，国对民，不与民争利；国对国，不片面利己；要努力达成兼顾、兼得、平衡与共赢。
A state should regard righteousness as a fundamental benefit. The debate over righteousness and benefits has been a constant theme of discussion in the Chinese history of philosophy, because benefits were often seen as personal profits that might be wrongfully gained. Taking righteousness as the most important kind of benefit was a basic concept upheld by ancient philosophers. Neither a person nor a state can survive without benefits. However, ancients emphasized the integration of righteousness and benefits. They believed that benefits could be materialized only when combined with righteousness, and the two should stay in harmony. One must not seek personal gain at the expense of righteousness. According to this concept, a government must not vie with commoners for benefits, nor should a state vie with another state for benefits for itself only. One must always strive for mutual assistance, shared interests, balance, and win-win outcomes.
▌引例
国不以利为利，以义为利也。（《礼记·大学》）
A state should not take pecuniary gain as benefit, but righteousness as its benefit. (The Book of Rites)
以患为利
Turn Disadvantage into Advantage.
将不利转变为有利。“以患为利”一说出自《孙子》，是中国古代军事家孙武提出的一种用兵原则。孙武主张，在战争中应全面准确地把握敌我双方的情况，不被一时的失利或患难所困扰；能够巧妙地利用不利的因素或形势，麻痹、诱惑敌人，进而将其转变为有利于己的因素或形势，以取得战争的胜利。这样一种用兵原则，也被人们应用于各种具有竞争性的社会生活领域。
This expression is a war fighting principle proposed by the ancient military thinker Sunzi in The Art of War. It means that a commander should have an accurate and full assessment of one’s own and the enemy’s deployment and not be distracted by temporary setbacks or difficulties. He should skillfully use unfavorable factors or situations to lull the enemy into a situation to his own advantage, and thus gain the upper hand. Such a military tactic is also used in social activities in which there is competition.
▌引例
军争之难者，以迂为直，以患为利。故迂其途，而诱之以利，后人发，先人至，此知迂直之计者也。（《孙子·军争》）
When two armies face each other, the biggest challenge is turning a twisting road into a straight one, or turning disadvantage into advantage. So a commander should lure and distract the enemy with tactics to his advantage, move after the enemy but take a shortcut route and reach the battleground first. This is how to turn a twisting road into a straight one. (The Art of War)
二人同心，其利断金
If Two People Are of the Same Mind, Their Combined Strength Can Break Metal.
两人同心 , 其力量犹如利刃可以斩断金属。“二人”可以指兄弟、夫妻或任何当事的双方；“同心”，有共同的愿景，思想认识一致；“利”，锋利；“断金”，斩断金属。此术语比喻只要当事双方一条心，就能发挥强大力量，克服任何困难，犹言团结起来力量大。它强调的是齐心协力、团结合作的重要意义。
When two people are of the same mind, their combined strength is like a sharp blade which can cut through metal. “Two people” here could mean two brothers, husband and wife, or any two persons working together. “Of the same mind” here means the people sharing the same vision and thinking. This metaphorical term means that people of the same mind will create great strength and can overcome any obstacles. It stresses the importance of concerted efforts and cooperation, which will generate great power.
▌引例
二人同心，其利断金。同心之言，其臭如兰。（《周易·系辞上》）
If two people are of the same mind, their combined strength can cut through a piece of metal. Words of people with the same mind smell as fragrant as orchids. (The Book of Changes)
义以生利，利以丰民
Justice Brings Wealth, and Wealth Enriches People.
执政者按照道义和规则生财获利，而后用所取得的财利使百姓生活丰足富裕。“义”本指礼义，也可理解为道义、法度、规则；“生利”即创造财富，获取利益；“丰民”，使百姓丰足富裕。对于执政者而言，“利”的规定性，不仅在于符合道义、规则，还在于百姓能享其利，民生得到改善。它是“以义为利”“藏富于民”思想的结合。
A ruler must generate wealth in accordance with justice and rules, and then use such wealth to help people prosper. Yi (义), originally refers to righteousness and can also be understood as appropriateness and rules. Shengli (生利) means to generate wealth and make profits. Fengmin (丰民) suggests enriching the people. This is to say that the ruler must ensure that what he does conforms to justice and rules, benefits the people, and improves their livelihood. It is a combination of the concepts of “justice bringing wealth” and “keeping wealth with the people.”
▌引例
民之有君，以治义也。义以生利，利以丰民。(《国语·晋语一》)
The reason people need a sovereign ruler is because they want him to uphold justice and establish rules. A ruler must generate wealth in accordance with justice and rules, and then use such wealth to help the people prosper. (Discourses on Governance of the States)
中华思想文化术语
《中华思想文化术语（历史 哲学 文艺）》是国务院批准设立的“中华思想文化术语传播工程”的成果之一，以学生和教师等群体为读者对象，为其研读、理解和翻译中华思想文化相关内容提供准确权威、正本清源的参考。
这些术语反映了中国传统文化特征和民族思维方式，体现了中国核心价值，编写者用易于口头表达、交流的简练语言客观准确地予以诠释，目的是在政府机构、社会组织、传播媒体等对外交往活动中，传播好中国声音，讲好中国故事，让世界更多了解中国国情、历史和文化。
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