美国能源部将韩国列入“敏感国家及其他指定国家名单”的措施已于本月15日零时正式生效。

The US Department of Energy's (DOE) internal policy designating South Korea as a "sensitive country" officially took effect on April 15.

美国能源部大楼 图源：IC photo

据路透社报道，美国因核问题担忧将韩国列为“敏感国家”。美国能源部的一位发言人在3月14日表示，已经将其盟友韩国列为“敏感国家”。这一决定是在韩国总统曾短暂实施戒严、以及外界讨论首尔可能发展核武器的背景下作出的。

美国能源部在回应路透社的书面答复中表示，时任总统乔·拜登的政府在今年1月、拜登卸任前不久，就已将韩国列入“敏感及其他指定国家名单”的最低等级。

The DOE has designated ally South Korea a "sensitive" country after the South Korean president briefly imposed martial law and amid talk of Seoul potentially developing nuclear weapons. The administration of then-President Joe Biden put South Korea on the lowest tier of the Sensitive and Other Designated Countries List in January shortly before Biden left office, the DOE said in a written response to Reuters queries.

据《东亚日报》和韩联社报道，外界担忧此举将对韩美在尖端技术领域的合作、贸易谈判，以及需依赖美国支持的原子能协定修订等造成不利影响。部分韩国政界人士甚至批评此事件为“外交惨剧”。

尽管韩国外交部、产业通商资源部及科学技术信息通信部曾共同推进与美方的协商，但始终未能促使美方解除“敏感国家”认定。对此，韩国外交部第一次官金烘均近日在国会中表示，当前双方正在进行实务协商，但短期内难以实现解除目标。

舆论普遍认为，若要成功撤销韩国的“敏感国家”地位，至少需耗时六个月，甚至可能长达数年。有观点指出，美国总统特朗普或将以是否解除该限制作为对韩贸易谈判的谈判筹码。

Prospects for the US lifting the designation in the near term, such as by the end of this month or early next month, appear slim. In diplomatic circles, there are concerns that US President Donald Trump could use the issue as a bargaining chip in future trade negotiations involving reciprocal tariffs.

从实际影响来看，据韩国“news1”新闻网报道，今后韩国的研究机构或政府机关若与美国能源部合作，将需履行过去无需的额外程序。例如，“敏感国家”人员若计划访问美国能源部下属研究机构，须提前至少45天提出申请，并接受背景审查、执行特别安全计划等多项严格流程。韩联社引述韩国相关官员称：“确实会带来不便。”

According to the DOE, researchers from designated sensitive countries are required to undergo stricter background checks before accessing US national security laboratories. Such researchers should submit relevant documents and obtain separate approval at least 45 days before visiting certain DOE-affiliated facilities. Additional security protocols will also apply when DOE employees or researchers communicate or collaborate with individuals from sensitive countries.

据悉，美国于今年1月将韩国列入“敏感国家”名单，而韩国政府直到3月才正式确认消息。对此，共同民主党议员金炳柱表达了对局势长期化的担忧，称“这是超大型的外交惨剧。1981年我们被指定为‘敏感国家’，之后花了13年才解除”。

Given the precedent of Korea being designated as a sensitive country in the early 1980s — and only removed from the list a decade later in 1994 — it is believed that the current designation may also take significant time to reverse. During a National Assembly interpellation session, Monday, Rep. Kim Byung-joo of the liberal Democratic Party of Korea (DPK) called this designation a "serious diplomatic blunder" and criticized the foreign ministry for its delayed response.

据Fnnews新闻网分析，该问题可能由韩国6月提前大选后组成的新政府接手处理。预计新政府将进一步强化“无核化”立场，以争取解除“敏感国家”指定。

来源：环球时报 路透社 东亚日报 韩国时报

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