烟草作为一种具有重要经济价值的农作物，其种植、加工和品质提升一直是农业科学和工业技术领域的研究热点。随着全球烟草产业的不断发展，土壤改良、品种选育、香韵特征以及烟气成分等领域的研究逐渐深入，为烟草产业的可持续发展提供了坚实的理论基础。近年来，生物炭施用、基因芯片技术、香韵特征评价以及烟气成分分析等前沿技术的引入，进一步推动了烟草研究的创新与发展。

本期精选文章深入探讨了生物炭施用频率对植烟土壤细菌群落的影响，揭示其在优化土壤环境和促进烟草生长中的作用机制；同时介绍了基于多重PCR靶向测序技术开发的烟草1.8K SNP育种液相芯片及其应用，为烟草育种提供了技术支持。此外，本期精选文章系统评价了国内外雪茄烟产品的香韵特征，分析了不同手工雪茄烟主流烟气成分的差异，并回顾了国产雪茄烟叶关键生产技术的研究进展与未来发展方向接下来，让我们一同深入这些前沿研究成果，探索烟草科学的奥秘。

精选文章·Selected Articles

01

生物炭施用频率对植烟土壤细菌群落的影响

Effects of biochar application frequency on the bacterial community in growing soil

【摘要】【目的】探究生物炭施用频率对烤烟连作土壤中细菌群落的影响。【方法】设置3个处理，未施用生物炭为对照处理（B0），生物炭于每年施入10 t/hm2(B10)和在第一年进行一次性施入30 t/hm2(B30)，分析连作3年后生物炭施用频率对连作植烟土壤养分、酶活性和细菌群落的影响。【结果】（1）与B0相比，施用生物炭显著提高了植烟土壤总氮和有机碳含量，其中B10处理提高更为显著。与其他处理相比，B10处理显著提高了土壤微生物量碳、微生物量氮含量、磷酸酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性。（2）与B30处理相比，B10处理的heip和shannoneven指数显著提高了42.86%和5.96%，提高了土壤细菌的均匀度和多样性。（3）施用生物炭显著提高了土壤细菌芳香族化合物降解功能表达量，而显著降低了烟草病原菌的相对丰度。【结论】生物炭施用频率显著影响了细菌群落组成，其中每年施入固定量的生物炭以改良土壤的效果更好，为生物炭在连作植烟土壤上的应用提供理论支持。

【Abstract】[Background] The study aims to assess the impact of biochar application frequency on the bacterial community in continuous tobacco-growing soil. [Methods] Three treatments were set up: a control group without biochar (B0), a treatment with 10 tons of biochar applied annually (B10), and a treatment with 30 tons of biochar applied in the initial year (B30). The effects of biochar application frequency on soil nutrients, enzyme activity, and bacterial communities were analyzed after three years of continuous tobacco planting. [Results] (1) Compared to the control (B0) treatment, biochar application significantly increased the total nitrogen and organic carbon content in tobacco-growing soil, with a more pronounced effect in the B10 treatment. Among the treatments, B10 significantly enhanced soil microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen, phosphatase, urease, sucrase, and catalase activities. (2) Compared to B30, the heip and shannoneven indices in the B10 treatment increased significantly by 42.86% and 5.96%, respectively, improving soil bacterial evenness and diversity. (3) Biochar application significantly increased the expression of soil bacterial aromatic compound degradation functions while significantly reducing the relative abundance of tobacco pathogens. [Conclusion] The frequency of biochar application significantly affected the composition of bacterial communities. Annual biochar application in fixed amounts was more effective in improving soil, providing theoretical support for the application of biochar in continuous cropping tobacco growing soil.

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02

基于多重PCR靶向测序的烟草1.8K SNP育种液相芯片的开发与应用

Development and application of a high-efficiency 1.8K SNP liquid chip for tobacco breeding based on multiplex PCR sequencing

【摘要】本研究根据公开发表的烟草K326基因组和烟草430K SNP固相芯片检测数据，以7份种质两两组合之间每条染色体上20个多态标记为目标，基于多重PCR扩增的精准定位测序分型技术（mGPS, Genotyping by Pinpoint Sequencing of multiplex PCR products）开发出烟草1.8K育种液相芯片(YT1.8K.1)。利用该芯片对上述7份种质两两之间杂交的21个杂交组合进行基因分型检测，每个杂交组合之间的平均差异位点数为650个，能同时满足每个组合定向改良筛选高遗传背景回复率单株的需要。利用该芯片对23个烟草品种进行基因型分型检测和聚类分析，聚类分类结果与品种系谱基本吻合；利用该芯片从367个BC2F1群体中筛选出5个背景回复率高于94.96%的单株，高于理论均值87.5%，表明该育种芯片可应用于烟草种质资源聚类分析、定向改良育种的遗传背景筛选。

【Abstract】Based on the publicly available tobacco K326 genome and data from the 430K SNP solid-phase chip for tobacco, this study developed a tobacco 1.8K breeding liquid-phase chip (YT1.8K.1) targeting 20 polymorphic markers on each chromosome between seven pairs of germplasm combinations, utilizing multiplex PCR amplification and pinpoint sequencing-based genotyping technology (mGPS, Genotyping by Pinpoint Sequencing of multiplex PCR products). This chip was used for genotyping in 21 hybrid combinations of the seven germplasms mentioned, with an average of 650 differential loci between each combination, effectively supporting the selective breeding for a high genetic background recovery rate in each combination. The chip was further used for genotyping and cluster analysis of 23 tobacco varieties, where the clustering classification results aligned well with their pedigree information. Additionally, the chip also successfully identified five individual plants with background recovery rates above 94.96% out of 367 BC2F1 populations, surpassing the theoretical mean of 87.5%, indicating that this breeding chip can be applied to cluster analysis of tobacco germplasm resources and genetic background selection for targeted improvement breeding.

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03

国内外雪茄烟产品香韵特征评价与比较

Evaluation and comparison of aroma characteristics of domestic and foreign cigars

【摘要】【目的】明确中式雪茄香气特征，对比国内外雪茄烟产品香韵特征差异。【方法】感官评价52款国产雪茄烟产品和21款国外雪茄烟产品的香韵种类和强度，通过聚类分析和方差分析比较国内外雪茄烟产品的差异。【结果】（1）国产雪茄烟产品包括蜜甜香、清甜香、咖啡香、焦甜香、坚果香、烘焙香和奶香等7种香气风味类型，其中蜜甜香大类又可进一步细分为蜜甜豆香、蜜甜树脂香、蜜甜烘焙香、蜜甜坚果香、蜜甜咖啡香和蜜甜焦甜香类等6小类。（2）国外雪茄烟产品包括蜜甜香、咖啡香、豆香、辛香树脂香和坚果烘焙香等5种香气风味类型，其中咖啡香类又分为咖啡豆香、咖啡坚果香等2小类，坚果烘焙香类又分为坚果烘焙焦甜香、坚果烘焙豆香、坚果烘焙辛香等3小类。（3）国内外雪茄蜜甜香、坚果香、豆香、咖啡香和辛香存在极显著差异。【结论】国内外雪茄烟产品香韵特征存在明显差异，多数国产雪茄烟产品甜香明显，尤其是蜜甜香明显，多数国外雪茄烟产品坚果香、咖啡香、豆香、辛香明显。

【Abstract】 [Objective] This study aims to the aroma characteristics of Chinese-style cigars and compare the aroma characteristics of cigar products domestically and abroad. [Methods] Sensory evaluation of the aroma types and intensities of 52 domestic cigar products and 21 foreign cigar products was conducted, with differences between domestic and international cigar products compared using cluster analysis and analysis of variance. [Results] (1) Domestic cigar products include seven types of aroma flavors, such as sweet honey, sweet, coffee, burnt sweet, nutty, roasted, and milky, with the sweet honey category further divided into six subcategories, including sweet honey bean, sweet honey resin, sweet honey roasted, sweet honey nutty, sweet honey coffee, and sweet honey burnt sweet. (2) Foreign cigar products include five types of aroma flavors, such as sweet honey, coffee, bean, spicy resin, and nutty roasted, with the coffee category further divided into coffee bean and coffee nutty subcategories, and the nutty roasted category divided into nutty roasted burnt sweet, nutty roasted bean, and nutty roasted spicy subcategories. (3) There were very significant differences in sweet honey, nutty, bean, coffee, and spicy aromas between domestic and foreign cigars. [Conclusion] There are distinct differences in the aroma characteristics of domestic and international cigar products, with most domestic cigar products having a notable sweet aroma, especially sweet honey, while most international cigar products are characterized by significant nutty, coffee, bean, and spicy aromas.

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04

国产雪茄烟叶关键生产技术研究进展

Research progress on key production technologies of domestic cigar tobacco leaves

【摘要】近年来，雪茄烟生产技术在国产雪茄烟叶品种、栽培、晾制、发酵及工艺设备等方面取得了显著成效。本文梳理了上述雪茄烟关键生产技术领域近5年的研究进展，并对雪茄烟关键核心技术的未来研究方向进行了展望。

【Abstract】In recent years, significant achievements have been made in domestic cigar tobacco production technology, including varieties, cultivation, curing, fermentation, and processing equipment. This paper reviews the research progress in these key production technology areas over the past five years and looks ahead to the future research directions of key core technologies for cigars.

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05

不同手工雪茄烟主流烟气成分差异分析

Analyzation of differences in mainstream smoke components of different handmade cigars

【摘要】【目的】研究不同手工雪茄烟主流烟气成分组成差异。【方法】采用中心切割二维气相色谱-质谱法分析18种国产、国外非古、古巴手工雪茄的主流烟气成分，通过数理统计明确主流烟气成分释放的规律性差异。【结果】（1）共鉴定出440种主流烟气成分，其中氮杂环及含氮类化合物133种、氧杂环类40种、萜类41种、挥发酸13种、酚类36种、苯丙氨酸代谢产物14种、脂肪酸降解产物24种、环戊（烯）酮21种、高级脂肪酸（酯）9种、烷烯烃34种、芳香烃49种及其它类26种；（2）相较国外手工雪茄烟，国产手工雪茄烟单位烟叶克重的总粒相物释放量较低；（3）国产手工雪茄烟与古巴雪茄烟差异最为明显，而与国外非古雪茄烟具有一定相似性；（4）古巴雪茄烟烟气中吡咯类、内酯类、挥发酸类、甲氧基酚类和苯丙氨酸代谢产物等风味成分的单位总粒相物（Total Particulate Matter, TPM）含量高于国外非古及国产手工雪茄烟。【结论】本文分析的国内外手工雪茄烟主流烟气存在明显差异，单位TPM的烟气成分释放中，古巴雪茄含氮类、苯丙氨酸代谢产物、内酯类等风味成分含量高于非古巴雪茄烟，部分国产雪茄的萜烯类成分含量高于国外雪茄。

【Abstract】 [Background] This study aims to study the differences in mainstream smoke components among different handmade cigars. [Methods] In this study, a modified middle heart-cutting two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method was adopted to analyze the mainstream smoke components of 18 cigar samples with different origins, including domestic, non-Cuban foreign, and Cuban cigars. The principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to investigate the potential differences between domestic and overseas handmade cigars. [Results] The results show: 1) More than 440 compounds were identified from the cigar mainstream smoke, including133 nitrogen heterocycles and nitrogen-contained components, 40 oxygen heterocycles, 41 volatile terpenes, 13 volatile acids, 36 phenols, 14 volatile phenylpropanoids, 24 fatty acid-derived volatiles, 21 cyclopent(en)ones, 9 long-chain fatty acids (esters), 34 alkanes/alkenes, 49 benzenoids and 26 other volatiles. 2) Compared with foreign cigars, the domestic cigars had lower total particulate material (TPM) emissions per unit weight of tobacco. 3) The PCA result indicated that the most significant differences were observed between domestic handmade cigars and Cuban cigars, while there were certain similarities between domestic and non-Cuban foreign cigars. 4) The content of pyrroles, lactones, volatile acids, methoxyphenols, and volatile phenylpropanoids in Cuban cigar smoke was higher than that in non-Cuban and Chinese cigars. [Conclusion] There are significant differences in mainstream smoke components of handmade cigars. The unit TPM content of flavor components such as pyrroles, lactones, volatile acids, methoxyphenols, and phenylalanine metabolites in Cuban cigar smoke was higher than that in non-Cuban foreign and domestic handmade cigars.

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期刊推荐·Recommend Journal

《中国烟草学报》创刊于1992年，是中国科协主管，中国烟草学会主办的覆盖烟草工业、农业、经济管理及相关领域的学术期刊。

《中国烟草学报》的办刊宗旨和任务是：贯彻“百花齐放，百家争鸣”的方针，积极倡导科学理论与生产实践相结合，报道国内外烟草工业、农业、经济等方面的学术论文、研究报告等。

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