百美村宿 · 拉毫石屋是拉毫村“乡村旅游扶贫+”的起点 | SERIES CONNECTION OF STONE WALLS|乡村名单|乡村旅游|扶贫|拉毫|毫村|民宿|石屋

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百美村宿是中国扶贫基金会于2013年启动的创新型乡村产业发展项目，该项目致力于探索“乡村旅游产业+”的新型模式，通过构建村庄与外部连接的公共发展平台，重新评估乡村价值，引入市场机制以激发乡村活力，并促进村民内生发展动力。其核心目标是确保农户能够获得持续收益。中国扶贫基金会在早期实践中发现，单纯依赖外来援助的减贫项目往往因资金中断而停止，因此真正的减贫需要建立可持续的产业，并激发本土社会经济发展的内生动力。随着城市化进程带来的乡村旅游需求增加，原本因交通不便而保留下来的乡村原貌成为了发展可持续乡村产业的理想载体。

凤凰拉毫村是百美村宿项目的其中一个村落，由中国石化捐赠资金建设。百美村宿项目最早于2013年在贵州启动，立足于以农民为主体开展活动，成立了专业合作社并进行能力建设，作为村庄对外合作、资源整合分配以及内部管理的载体平台。同时引入市场主体，为乡村旅游进行规划设计，并委托经营。在这个过程中，优先为贫困农户提供务工机会及一定比例的利润分配，助力他们脱贫。此外，产业发展还为乡村环境治理和民俗保护提供了动力。

Bai Mei Village Homestay is an innovative rural industrial development project initiated by the China Foundation for Poverty Alleviation in 2013. This project is dedicated to exploring a new model of "rural tourism industry +", by building a public development platform connecting the village with the outside world, re-evaluating the value of the village, introducing market mechanisms to stimulate rural vitality, and promoting the internal development drive of villagers. Its core objective is to ensure that farmers can obtain continuous income. In its early practices, the China Foundation for Poverty Alleviation found that poverty reduction projects that relied solely on external aid often came to a halt due to the interruption of funds. Therefore, true poverty reduction requires the establishment of sustainable industries and the stimulation of the endogenous driving force for local social and economic development. With the increasing demand for rural tourism brought about by the urbanization process, the original appearance of the countryside that was preserved due to inconvenient transportation has become an ideal carrier for the development of sustainable rural industries.

Fenghuang Lahao Village is one of the villages in the Bai Mei Village Homestay Project, which was built with funds donated by Sinopec. The Bai Mei Village Homestay project was first launched in Guizhou in 2013. It is based on farmers as the main body to carry out activities, established a professional cooperative and carried out capacity building, serving as a carrier platform for the village's external cooperation, resource integration and distribution, as well as internal management. At the same time, market entities should be introduced to plan and design rural tourism and entrust its operation. During this process, priority should be given to providing employment opportunities and a certain proportion of profit distribution for poor farmers to help them escape poverty. In addition, industrial development has also provided impetus for rural environmental governance and the protection of folk customs.

一、湖南湘西 ·拉毫石屋

RESIDENTIAL DESIGN

凤凰古城坐落于湖南省湘西土家族苗族自治州，是中国著名的历史文化名城。在古城之外的苗乡地区，隐藏着诸多鲜为人知的自然景观、秀丽的苗族村寨以及神秘而深厚的民俗文化。整个村落依山势而建，村中石屋错落有致，青石板路蜿蜒曲折，四周绿树成荫、烟雨朦胧、炊烟袅袅，宛如世外桃源般宁静悠然。

拉毫石屋位于山坡之上，其场地呈现北高南低的态势，高差大约为30米。村落周边有参天古树环绕，群山将其环抱其中。该村落的聚落形态并不完备，部分房屋保存状况良好，部分房屋已倒塌，此外还有几处村民利用空隙修建的砖混住宅，对村落原有的肌理造成了极大破坏。在我们开展踏勘选址工作时，拉毫村已呈现出“空心村”的特征，村里仅有少量老人和留守儿童居住。经过细致的调研与分析，设计团队选定村落北侧相对完整的一片老房子作为民宿项目的主体建筑。首先对村落空间进行了梳理，重新整治了公共区域、道路以及停车场等基础设施，让民宿项目的结构得以清晰展现。同时选取了12栋房屋进行改造，这些房屋涵盖公区和民宿等功能。值得注意的是，该民宿项目不设置围墙，没有明确边界，将与保留下来的房屋共同存在。

Fenghuang Ancient Town is located in Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Hunan Province. It is a famous historical and cultural city in China. Beyond the ancient city lies the Miao ethnic area, where there are many little-known natural landscapes, beautiful Miao villages and mysterious and profound folk cultures. The entire village is built along the mountain terrain. Stone houses are scattered in an orderly manner within the village, and the bluestone paths wind and twist. Surrounded by green trees, misty rain and curling smoke from chimneys, it is as peaceful and serene as a paradise beyond the mundane world.

The Lahao Stone House is located on a hillside. Its site is higher in the north and lower in the south, with a height difference of approximately 30 meters. The village is surrounded by towering ancient trees and embraced by mountains. The settlement form of this village is not complete. Some houses are in good condition, while others have collapsed. In addition, there are several brick-concrete houses built by villagers in the voids, which have caused great damage to the original texture of the village. When we were conducting the site survey and selection work, Lahao Village had already shown the characteristics of an "empty village", with only a few elderly people and left-behind children living in the village. After meticulous research and analysis, the design team selected a relatively intact area of old houses on the north side of the village as the main building for the homestay project. First, the village space was sorted out, and the public areas, roads, parking lots and other infrastructure were renovated, allowing the structure of the homestay project to be clearly presented. At the same time, 12 houses were selected for renovation, which cover functions such as public areas and homestays. It is worth noting that this homestay project does not have a fence and no clear boundary, and will coexist with the remaining houses.

拉毫石屋改造方案秉持生态保护理念，通过系统性策略实现场地与建筑的和谐共生。在实施过程中，设计团队严格遵循原有场地肌理，采取最小干预原则对主体建筑进行修缮改造，仅对非结构性附属设施进行必要拆除。规划层面将每栋建筑单元整合为独立院落，通过保留原生树木构建景观层次，既保障居住私密性又可拓展视觉通廊。各院落间以传统石材铺砌路径相连接，配合地形高差形成立体交通体系，使参观动线呈现空间韵律变化，实现行进间多维度景观渗透的游赏体验。

The renovation plan for the Lahao Stone House adheres to the concept of ecological protection and achieves a harmonious coexistence of the site and the building through a systematic strategy. During the implementation process, the design team strictly adhered to the original site texture, adopted the principle of minimum intervention to renovate and transform the main building, and only carried out necessary demolition of non-structural ancillary facilities. At the planning level, each building unit is integrated into an independent courtyard. By preserving the original trees, landscape layers are constructed, which not only ensures the privacy of residents but also expands visual corridors. The courtyards are connected by traditional stone-paved paths, which, in combination with the elevation differences of the terrain, form a three-dimensional transportation system. This makes the visiting route present a spatial rhythm change and realizes a multi-dimensional landscape infiltration experience during the journey.

二、空间美学

RESIDENTIAL DESIGN

在石墙内部，设计方案运用了置入钢结构体系的方式，同时把屋顶抬高80厘米，使得屋顶呈现出“漂浮”于石墙上方的效果。此外，在石墙上部设置了侧天窗，以便让更多的光线以及山林景观能够进入室内。石墙内部所采用的工业化钢结构体系，一方面能够应对场地运输方面的限制以及乡村施工工艺精度不足的问题；另一方面，钢结构体系与石墙体系实现有机融合，满足了民宿项目多样化的功能需求。新与旧、轻与重形成强烈对比，在村落中营造出戏剧化的效果。

在主体建筑改造范式既定的情况下，在局部区域实施了差异化的改造策略。具体而言，对于2号院南侧房屋保留了原有的夯土砖墙，并在其内部植入钢结构。而在4号院的南侧扩建了一处茶室，该茶室的混凝土板向外挑出至山体之外，外立面采用全落地玻璃设计，由此可眺望森林和山谷。

Inside the stone wall, the design scheme adopts the method of embedding a steel structure system, and at the same time raises the roof by 80 centimeters, making the roof appear to be "floating" above the stone wall. In addition, side skylights were set up on the upper part of the stone wall to allow more light and mountain forest views to enter the interior. The industrialized steel structure system adopted inside the stone wall can, on the one hand, address the limitations of site transportation and the insufficient precision of rural construction techniques. On the other hand, the steel structure system and the stone wall system are organically integrated, meeting the diverse functional requirements of the homestay project. The new and the old, the light and the heavy form a sharp contrast, creating a dramatic effect in the village.

Under the circumstances where the renovation model of the main building was established, differentiated renovation strategies were implemented in some local areas. Specifically, for the buildings on the south side of Courtyard No. 2, the original rammed earth brick walls were retained, and steel structures were implanted inside them. On the south side of Courtyard No. 4, a tea room was expanded. The concrete slabs of this tea room protrude outward beyond the mountain, and the exterior facade features a full floor-to-ceiling glass design, from which one can overlook the forest and the valley.

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