21st Century Business Herald Reporter Zheng Qingting, Intern Wu Jiaying in Beijing

María Fernanda Espinosa Garcés, former President of the UN General Assembly, lauded China’s consistent and constructive contributions to multilateral governance during a Q&A session with 21st Century Business Herald at a Center for China and Globalization (CCG) event on July 25, 2025.

Highlighting China’s unwavering commitment to global agreements, Espinosa noted its leadership in renewable energy, poverty alleviation, and initiatives like the Belt and Road. She emphasized China’s cooperative spirit in negotiations, exemplified by its role in the Paris Agreement, and its support for nations facing crises.She expressed hope that other powers would follow China’s example in advancing multilateralism through action and dialogue.

“No country is perfect, and all face challenges,” Espinosa said. “However, by honoring commitments, translating words into action, and prioritizing cooperation, we strengthen multilateralism. China consistently defends the UN and multilateral principles.”

Addressing the U.S. withdrawal from UNESCO, Espinosa noted that the multilateral system allows for dissent, with legal mechanisms for countries to exit if they believe it serves their interests. However, she stressed the need for the UN to build resilience against budget cuts from major donors. She emphasized that diplomacy thrives on dialogue with differing perspectives to sustain global cooperation.

21st Century: What are your evaluation and expectations of China’s role in multilateral governance?

Espinosa:China’s contributions to multilateral governance extend far beyond its three global initiatives on security, development and civilization. Having served as an ambassador and in various roles for decades, I can attest that China consistently adopts a constructive and positive stance in intergovernmental negotiations. Its contributions are not limited to financial support for the functioning of the multilateral system; China’s attitude in discussions, negotiations, and decision-making processes is notably cooperative.

China is a country that honors its commitments, which is critical in multilateralism. I have never seen China withdraw from any multilateral agreements, pacts, organizations, or institutions that form the system. For a long time, China has cooperated openly and generously with countries in need, particularly those facing major conflicts or climate shocks. Its support is consistent and reliable.

The word “cooperation” defines China’s approach—not just in rhetoric but through actions, such as investments and a constructive attitude in negotiations. For instance, the legacy of the Beijing Conference on Women’s Rights from 30 years ago remains significant, as does the Belt and Road Initiative, which has created development opportunities for many countries. China’s role in securing supply chains and upholding trade rules is vital, not only for major powers but also for smaller nations like Ecuador. My country has a free trade agreement with China, which reflects a spirit of true cooperation and generosity, despite the geographical distance. This spirit lies at the core of multilateralism.

I have attended nearly 20 COPs and closely followed China’s commitments. During the Paris Agreement negotiations, I sat next to Xie Zhenhua, China’s envoy, and learned a great deal about effective climate diplomacy. China faces the challenge of balancing poverty alleviation—having lifted hundreds of millions out of poverty, an extraordinary achievement—with transitioning from fossil fuels and investing in renewables. Today, China leads globally in renewable energy, a result of years of strategic investment and vision. I hope other powers follow China’s example.

No country is perfect, and all face challenges. However, if we keep our word, translate commitments into action, and demonstrate that cooperation matters, we strengthen multilateralism. China consistently raises its voice to defend the UN and multilateral principles.

21st Century:What are your views on the impact of the U.S. withdrawal from UNESCO?

Espinosa:Regarding the U.S. withdrawal from UNESCO, the Paris Agreement, and the Human Rights Council, the multilateral system’s strength lies in its ability to accommodate dissent. Countries have the right to disagree and withdraw if they believe it serves their interests, and legal mechanisms exist for this. While not ideal, this right must be respected. However, frankly speaking, the UN wasn't well prepared. In terms of cutting funding,particularly from a major donor like the U.S, the system must become more resilient to handle disruptions like budget cuts.

The majority of countries recognize UNESCO’s invaluable work in science, education, technology, and ethical AI regulation, as well as its efforts against antisemitism. These institutions’ legacies must be supported. If a country feels participation is not in its interest, it can withdraw, but the system must continue to function. Diplomacy is not about engaging only with like-minded countries; it requires platforms to discuss differences. The art of diplomacy lies in engaging with those who hold differing views, which is at the heart of multilateralism.