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参考资料：

[1]Jensen, M. A. H., Søndergard, J., Damsgaard, S. P., & Olsen, S. F. (2014). Smoking and male fertility: A review of the effects on sperm parameters. Human Reproduction Update, 20(6), 691-701.

https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dmu036

[2]Sarfraz, M., Azam, S. I., & Ahmad, M. (2017). Effect of alcohol consumption on sperm concentration and total sperm count: A study of 1000 men. Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics, 34(7), 925-931. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10815-017-0932-1

[3]Yin X, Anwar A, Yan L, et al. Paternal exercise confers endurance capacity to offspring through sperm microRNAs. Cell Metab. 2025 Nov 4;37(11):2167-2184.e8.

[4]中华医学会男科学分会男性不育诊疗指南编写组，男性不育诊疗指南[J]. 中华男科学杂志,2022,28(1):66-67.