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中国体育与健康课程改革近年来明确将健康教育列为核心学习领域,其旨在响应《“健康中国2030”规划纲要》所倡导的全面健康观与预防优先理念。然而,尽管政策层面强调健康是社会共同责任,长期以来体育与健康教育领域仍深受“健康主义”影响,将健康主要视为个人责任。在此背景下,政策所倡导的整体健康愿景如何在日常教学实践中被理解、转化与落实,仍有待深入探究。

本文针对这一问题,采用对话式探究方法,通过对上海地区的体育与健康教师教育者及中学教师进行半结构化访谈,考察其如何理解与实施新课标中的健康教育内容。研究发现,尽管教师教育者充分肯定课程与“健康中国2030”的对接,将体育与健康视为早期健康干预的重要途径,但在实际教学中,健康教育仍因师资准备不足、专业身份固化、教学时间有限和资源匮乏而被边缘化。教师在实施过程中往往采取实用主义策略,将健康教育简化为可管理的日常提醒与风险规避行为,从而使健康逐渐被重构为个人责任、动机与自我管理的问题,偏离了政策中整体健康的初衷。

相关研究成果《从政策愿景到课堂实践:中国体育健康课程改革背景下的健康教育研究》(From policy ambition to classroom practice: health education in China’s physical education and health curriculum reform)已在线发表于SSCI一区期刊《体育教育与运动教学》(Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy)。

作者/Authors

杨静

思克莱德大学教育学院

Jing Yang

Strathclyde Institute of Education, The University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK;

邱超

华东师范大学基础教育研究所;

华东师范大学第五附属中学

Chao Qiu

Department of Basic Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China;

The Fifth School Affiliated to East China Normal University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China;

杜晓馨

复旦大学发展研究院

Xiaoxin Du

Fudan Development Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China;

Dillon Landi(通讯作者)

昆士兰大学人体运动与营养科学学院

School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia;

David Kirk

思克莱德大学教育学院;

昆士兰大学人体运动与营养科学学院

Strathclyde Institute of Education, The University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK;

School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia;

摘要/Abstract

研究背景:体育与健康课程改革日益强调整体健康、疾病预防与学生福祉。随着《“健康中国2030”规划纲要》的深入推进,中国体育教育的宏观愿景得到进一步强化。2022年课程改革顺应这一政策趋势,将“健康教育”确立为核心学习领域之一。然而,体育学科长期受“健康主义”话语体系影响,倾向于将健康视为个人的道德责任。本研究旨在探讨这一整体性的政策愿景在实际教学中如何被解读、构建与落实。

研究目的:本研究考察中国新版体育与健康课程中健康教育的内涵理解与实施状况,重点关注教师教育者及在职教师如何理解健康教育学习领域,以及这些理解如何影响课堂教学实践。

研究方法:本研究采用对话式探究法,通过对上海地区的体育与健康教师教育者及中学教师进行半结构化访谈,收集参与者的观点与经验。访谈数据采用概念编码和结构编码进行分析,辅以分析备忘录的撰写,并基于“健康主义”理论进行了演绎分析。

研究结果:研究得出以下三项相互关联的结论:

1. 政策认同与愿景内化:教师教育者高度认同课程改革与《健康中国2030》战略的一致性,倾向于将体育与健康课程视为实施健康早期干预的有效途径。

2. 实践层面的边缘化困境:尽管政策目标宏大,但由于职前培养体系衔接不足、固有的职业身份认同、教学课时紧张及教学资源匮乏,健康教育在实际教学中仍处于边缘地位。

3. 实用主义调适与内涵偏移:教师倾向于以务实的方式调整课程,将健康教育简化为可操作的提醒与风险规避行为。在此过程中,健康被重新诠释为个人责任、动机与自我管理,从而偏离了政策所倡导的整体健康理念。

结论:体育与健康课程在经历解读、准备与实践的过程中发生了形态变化。整体健康观未能得到持续贯彻,取而代之的是“健康主义”的渗透,这限制了健康教育的发展空间。研究表明,若不对健康背后的深层观念进行审视,课程改革的成效将十分有限。

影响声明:本研究揭示了“健康主义”如何演变为一种“教学常识”,从而影响政策意图与课堂实践之间的衔接。研究指出,实现健康教育的实质性变革,不仅需关注课程内容的扩充,更需在学校整体环境中重新构建对“健康”的理解与实际体验。

Background: Reforms in physical education and health (PEH) increasingly speak the language of holistic health, prevention, and wellbeing. In China, these holistic ambitions have been sharpened through Healthy China 2030. The 2022 PEH curriculum reform reflects this policy moment, formally elevating health education as a core learning area. Yet PEH has long been shaped by healthism, where health is understood primarily as an individual responsibility. What remains less clear is how the holistic policy vision is interpreted, produced, and lived out in everyday practice.

Purpose: This study examined how health education is understood and enacted within China’s new PEH curriculum, focusing on how teacher educators and in-service teachers interpret the health education learning area and how these interpretations shape classroom practice.

Methods: This study used conversational inquiry to explore participants’ perspectives and experiences through thirteen semi-structured interviews with PEH teacher educators and secondary school PEH teachers in Shanghai. Interview data were analysed using concept and structural coding, supported by analytic memo writing, and deductive theoretical analysis using healthism.

Findings: Three interrelated findings emerged. First, teacher educators strongly endorsed the curriculum’s alignment with Healthy China 2030, framing PEH as a vehicle for early intervention. Second, despite policy ambition, health education remained marginalised in practice due to gaps in teacher preparation, entrenched professional identities, limited time, and scarce resources. Third, teachers adapted the curriculum in pragmatic ways, reducing health education to manageable reminders and risk-avoidance practices. Through these stages, health was gradually redefined through individual responsibility, motivation, and self-management – shifting away from the holistic policy intent.

关键词/Key Words

China; healthism; teacher identity; curriculum enactment; teacher education

全文链接/Link

https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2026.2615649

来源|PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORT PEDAGOGY

排版 | 赵浩博