中国围棋协会名誉主席聂卫平九段昨晚在北京病逝,享年73岁。

Nie Weiping, revered as the "Sage of Go", passed away in Beijing at the age of 73.

聂卫平被尊称为“棋圣”,英文可以翻译为“Sage of Go”。也许你会奇怪,为什么“围棋”的英文不是weiqi,而是Go。

围棋是世界上最古老的棋类游戏之一,诞生于中国的春秋战国时期,“琴棋书画”之“棋”,指的就是围棋。

据侃英语,隋唐时期,围棋从中国传入日本,日语中围棋的写法是“碁”,通汉语中的“棋”,但发音是ゴ,类似英语中的go。

While the game originated in ancient China, its English name "Go" comes from Japanese, not from the English verb "to go".

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历史资料显示,“棋”在中国古代吴语地区的念法不读作“qi”,而是“ɡiə”。当时,很多古吴语都传去了日本,其中就包括这个“棋”字。这个字到了日本后,形变为“碁”,同时,音变为gio,最终定型为go的读音。所以英文中表示围棋的Go,就是一个音译,跟作为动词的go并不相关。

The term can be traced back to the game's introduction to Japan during the Sui and Tang dynasties. In Japanese, the character for Go is written as "碁", pronounced as "go", which derived from an ancient Wu Chinese reading of the character "棋" pronounced similarly to "gio".

那么,为什么英语要采用日语读音Go来命名围棋,而不是weiqi呢?这是因为欧美人最先是在日本而不是在中国接触到围棋的。

日本明治维新时期,一个叫奥斯卡·科歇尔特(Oscar Korschelt)的德国技术专家在日本接触到围棋后,深深地爱上了这种棋盘游戏,并将围棋带到了西方,毕生从事围棋研究,还写了一本围棋界著名的书:

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由于他的推广和介绍,西方世界自然而然采用日语的读音“Go”来描述这种棋了。

When Westerners first encountered the game in the 19th century, it was through Japan rather than China. German engineer Oscar Korschelt, who learned to play Go during Japan's Meiji era, helped introduce it to the West. As a result, the Japanese pronunciation "Go" became adopted in English, rather than the Chinese "weiqi".

另附一些围棋有关的英语小知识:

Notes

  • 人类与AI的对弈,从“AlphaGo”开始, 这里的Go就是围棋的意思。

  • 围棋棋手的等级分为“级”(kyu)和“段”(Dan)。

  • 职业棋手分1-9段。

  • 围棋的规则相对其他棋类而言比较简单,每个棋子必须有“气”才能“活”,这个“气”英文叫作liberty。

  • 围棋棋子的“眼”英文就叫eye,有两眼(two eyes)或更多眼的棋子才算活(alive)。

  • 围棋的棋子叫stones(white stones, and black stones),棋盘叫board。

  • 围棋棋盘(the Go board)有19x19条线,交叉形成361个点(points)。

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围棋起源于中国,经日本传向世界。而聂卫平以毕生棋道让世界重识:这古老智慧永恒的根脉,始终在中国。缅怀“棋圣”!

Nie Weiping, a ninth-dan professional, was instrumental in reviving worldwide recognition of China as the birthplace and home of this ancient strategic board game. His legacy reminds us that while Go traveled across cultures, its roots remain deeply Chinese.

来源:侃英语 译介

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