北京嫣然天使儿童医院因拖欠超2000万元房租而面临关停，与其关联的嫣然天使基金（隶属中国红十字基金会）近日公众捐款激增。但专家表示，这些善款依法不能用于偿还医院的债务。这一案例凸显了公众对慈善机构运作方式的普遍误解，也揭示了中国许多具有慈善性质的“民办非企业”单位面临的财务困境。
A Beijing-based children's charity hospital, known for providing subsidized and free cleft lip and palate surgeries, is facing possible closure after accumulating more than 26 million yuan ($3.5 million) in unpaid rent and related fees, drawing widespread public attention and a surge of donations.
However, charity experts clarify that the funds cannot legally be used to cover the hospital's debts.
嫣然医院所在地外景 图源：新京报
北京嫣然天使儿童医院是中国第一家民办非营利性儿童综合医院，由李亚鹏等八位创始人于2012年5月27日共同发起创办。1月16日晚，李亚鹏在其社交平台发视频称：20多年来，医院完成7000台左右全额免费手术。
Beijing Smileangel Children's Hospital was cofounded by actor Li Yapeng and seven others in 2012, following the birth of Li's daughter, Li Yan, who was born with a cleft lip.
The hospital has long been a pioneer in China's nonprofit pediatric care sector, offering comprehensive medical services beyond cleft lip and palate treatment, including pediatrics, ophthalmology, ENT, oral care, and surgery.
目前，医院两侧的标识和字样都已被拆除，医院门口处贴有法院判决书、公告以及房东的告知函等。其中一张告知函显示，至2025年9月30日，租金、物业费以及律师费、保全保险费等合计超过2600万元。
The hospital's future was thrown into doubt this month when court notices and a landlord's "demand for payment" appeared on its doors in Wangjing district.
According to court documents, the hospital stopped paying its full rent in January 2022 amid pandemic-related financial strains. By late 2025, the accumulated debt — including rent, property fees, and legal costs — exceeded 26 million yuan.
2026年1月13日，李亚鹏社交账号@一号立井 转发@北京嫣然天使儿童医院 发布的关于北京市朝阳区嫣然天使儿童医院关于房租债务的回应，并配文称“嫣然天使儿童医院也许会成为历史，但我们会站好最后一班岗。”
In a social media post on Jan 13, Li Yapeng said, "Even if Smileangel becomes history one day, we will fulfill our duties to the very end."
医院困境在网上传播后，有超过34万人向嫣然天使基金捐款，捐款金额超过2300万元。
The statement sparked widespread support, prompting more than 340,000 people to donate over 23 million yuan to the Smileangel Foundation, a legally independent entity under the administration of the Chinese Red Cross Foundation, dedicated to funding cleft lip and palate surgeries.
1月20日，嫣然天使基金回应近期网友捐款称：“我们将珍惜并妥善将大家的善款持续用于唇腭裂患者的医疗救助项目。按相关制度法规，项目预算已筹满，我们将陆续暂停筹款项目，待完成备案补正后再开放捐赠渠道。”
海南亚洲公益研究院院长黄浩明在接受中国日报采访时表示，嫣然天使基金与嫣然天使儿童医院属于性质不同的两类主体，基金会负责筹款，医院是独立的执行机构。捐款依法有指定用途，不能用于偿还其他机构的债务。
"The foundation is a fundraising body, while the hospital is a separate implementing organization," explained Huang Haoming, dean of the Asia Academy of Philanthropy. "Charitable donations are legally bound to specific purposes and cannot be diverted to cover other debts."
黄浩明认为，民办非企业单位若出现运营困难，应首先由其理事会依法承担治理责任，积极寻求可持续解决方案。近年来民非组织数量已有自然缩减，反映市场机制与社会需求变化下的常态调整。目前我国公众捐赠仍处初级阶段，个人捐赠占比仅约22%–24%，捐赠行为日趋数字化，公众愈发关注项目的透明度与实施成效。行业需加强信息披露与能力建设。
李亚鹏曾公开表示，希望通过嫣然医院将嫣然基金转化为拥有“自我造血”能力的公益机构。2014年，他在接受媒体采访时提到，医院若能实现收支平衡甚至产生盈余，盈余将用于救助贫困家庭的唇腭裂儿童。
如今，这一“自造血”模式似乎陷入困境。
北京师范大学中国公益研究院院长王振耀表示，完全依赖机构自身营收或盈利来维持公益项目运作的模式，在全球范围内均面临可持续性挑战，尤其是涉及运营成本较高的儿童医疗类项目。他提出，此类社会服务应获得政府层面的稳定支持与资助。
Wang Zhenyao, founder of the China Philanthropy Research Institute at Beijing Normal University, emphasized the importance of government backing for essential social services, including pediatric care.
"Relying entirely on charity will face sustainability challenges from a global perspective," Wang said.
益创公益传播（工作室）发起人杨光指出，互联网与移动支付技术极大地降低了公众参与公益的门槛，使捐赠和志愿行为更加便捷，整体公众参与意识和热情较前几年有显著提升。部分公众开始从“情感驱动”转向“理性参与”。许多公益事件在社交媒体上能引爆短期热度，但公众缺乏长期关注意识，事件过后注意力迅速转移。建议公众从“短期热点式的大额捐赠”转向“长期可持续的小额月捐”，这对公益项目的稳定运营更有帮助。
Yang Guang, a communications adviser to charities, noted that digital platforms have greatly boosted public participation in philanthropy, with some donors shifting from "emotion-driven" to more "rational" engagement. Yet this often leads to brief spikes of attention rather than sustained support.
He advised moving away from one-off donations toward sustained, modest monthly contributions, which could provide more stable support to charitable projects.
记者：李磊
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