气温骤降，洗个热水澡成了冬日里的一大享受。但对于老年人来说，这个再普通不过的日常行为，却暗藏着不容忽视的健康风险。
浴室狭小封闭，温差变化剧烈，加上老年人身体机能下降，一些看似“习惯成自然”的洗澡方式，可能正在悄悄威胁着他们的生命安全。以下5个洗澡习惯，请务必提醒家中老人注意。
1. 误区：空腹或饱餐后立即洗澡
不少老人习惯晚饭后马上洗澡，或者晨起空腹冲凉。
饭后，人体消化系统开始工作，大量血液汇聚到胃肠道。此时洗澡，体表血管在热水刺激下扩张，血液会流向皮肤，导致消化道供血不足，影响消化，甚至引起头晕、恶心。而空腹洗澡，血糖本就偏低，加上浴室温度高、耗能大，容易引发低血糖，导致虚脱、休克。
安全做法：洗澡时间应安排在饭后1-2小时，或饥饿时先吃少量食物、补充温水后再洗。
2. 误区：水温过高，追求“烫一烫”
冬天很多人喜欢把水温调得很高，觉得烫一烫才舒服。但老年人皮肤薄，对温度感知迟钝，很容易烫伤。更重要的是，过高的水温会使全身皮肤毛细血管扩张，心、脑等器官的血液相对减少。这会导致心率加快、心脏负荷增大，对于有心脑血管疾病的老人来说，极易诱发心肌缺血或脑供血不足，发生晕厥。
安全做法：水温控制在37℃-40℃为宜，与人体体温相近。可以先用手肘内侧试温，感觉温热不烫手即可。
3. 误区：门窗紧闭，洗得太久
为了保暖，洗澡时往往会把门窗关得严严实实。但热水长时间冲洗会产生大量水蒸气，导致浴室含氧量降低。老年人肺功能多有减退，在这样缺氧的环境中待久了，会感到胸闷、气短、呼吸不畅。如果老人本身有高血压、冠心病，这种环境极易诱发意外。
安全做法：洗澡时间控制在10-15分钟内。最好在浴室留一条缝通风，或安装性能良好的排气扇。如果条件允许，洗澡时留一道门缝，保持空气流通。
4. 误区：用力搓澡，追求“搓出泥”
很多老人觉得搓下来的“泥”越多越干净。实际上，这些“泥”主要是皮肤新陈代谢产生的角质层和皮脂膜。秋冬季节，皮肤油脂分泌本就不足，这层皮脂膜是天然的“保护膜”。用力搓澡会破坏这层屏障，导致皮肤干燥、瘙痒、起皮屑，甚至诱发湿疹或皮炎。抓挠破损的皮肤还可能引起感染。
安全做法：轻轻冲洗即可，或用手、柔软的毛巾轻轻擦拭。秋冬季节可适当减少搓澡频率，每周1-2次为宜。
5. 误区：洗完后立刻走出浴室
这是最容易被忽视的危险动作。浴室温度高，而外面房间温度低。老人洗完澡后，毛孔张开，皮肤表面血管扩张。如果立刻进入寒冷环境，冷空气会刺激血管骤然收缩，导致血压急剧升高，给心脏带来巨大冲击。这种“热胀冷缩”的剧烈变化，是诱发脑中风的常见原因。
安全做法：先打开浴室门，让热气与外界空气慢慢对流，在门口站一会儿适应一下。出来后立刻用干毛巾擦干身体，穿上保暖的衣物或浴袍，喝一小口温水，让身体有个缓冲的过程。
写在最后：
秋冬洗澡，对于年轻人来说是放松，对于老年人来说却是一场对心血管和呼吸系统的“考验”。安全无小事，多一分留意，就能为父母的健康多添一份保障。请把这些提醒告诉身边的人，愿每位老人都能温暖、平安地度过这个冬天。
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