Trametinib(GSK1120212)是一种高选择性的MEK1/2抑制剂,在多种细胞和动物模型中被广泛用于探究RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK信号通路的功能。
在细胞实验中,Trametinib(CAS No.:871700-17-3)以纳摩尔至微摩尔浓度范围显示出显著的抑制活性:例如,在KRAS突变的结肠癌Caco-2细胞中,低剂量Trametinib(曲美替尼)即可抑制p-ERK表达并抑制细胞增殖,同时呈剂量依赖性上调抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-xL;在头颈鳞癌(HNSCC)细胞系中,Trametinib(GSK1120212)处理可显著下调MYC表达并诱导自噬,而联合自噬抑制剂如氯喹(Chloroquine)可进一步增强细胞死亡[1];Trametinib(JTP-74057)在黑色素瘤细胞中能诱导YAP1核转位,而敲低或者抑制YAP1可协同抑制细胞生长[2];Trametinib(GSK1120212)在胃癌、肝癌、神经母细胞瘤及髓母细胞瘤等多种癌细胞系中,均表现出剂量依赖性的抗增殖效应,如在肝细胞癌(HCC)细胞中能显著抑制细胞增殖,并降低Ki-67(一种细胞增殖标志物)表达[3];Trametinib(GSK1120212)在SHH型髓母细胞瘤(MB)中,显著减少了肿瘤球的大小、干细胞增殖及迁移能力[4]。
在动物实验方面,Trametinib在多种异种移植或同源移植小鼠模型中展现出良好的体内活性:例如,在CHP-2人源前列腺癌(cPCa)细胞构建的裸鼠皮下移植模型中,Trametinib经过口服给药(0.3-1.0 mg/kg )能剂量依赖性地减小肿瘤体积、降低p-ERK水平和Ki-67表达,且未观察到明显毒性[5];Trametinib在头颈癌PDX模型中,可实现高达72%的肿瘤体积缩减[6];Trametinib(JTP-74057)在神经母细胞瘤小鼠模型中,联合JAK2抑制剂Ruxolitinib(INCB18424) 可有效抑制由间充质干细胞介导的肿瘤生长[7]。在结直肠癌裸鼠模型中,Trametinib与PI3K/mTOR抑制剂GSK2126458(Omipalisib,GSK458)联用可抑制肿瘤生长,机制涉及克服Trametinib诱导的PI3K-AKT通路代偿性激活[8];此外,Trametinib在免疫缺陷NSG小鼠重建的皮肤移植模型中,可调节T细胞反应,延长移植物存活[9]。
范例详解
Cancer Cell. 2018 Sep 10;34(3):411-426.e19
实验人员在上述文章中使用了Abemaciclib(LY2835219)、AZD1775(Adavosertib)、Trametinib(GSK1120212)。研究人员通过整合基因组、表观基因组和蛋白质组学分析,揭示了横纹肌肉瘤(Rhabdomyosarcoma, RMS)的细胞起源和抑制靶点,发现RAS/MEK/ERK/CDK4/6、G2/M和未折叠蛋白反应(UPR)等信号通路在RMS中失调。由AbMole提供的Abemaciclib、AZD1775、Trametinib等被研究人员用于处理RMS原代细胞或原位患者衍生异种移植(O-PDX)裸鼠模型,以探究与RMS有关的信号通路、潜在靶点和肿瘤抑制方案,最终结果表明AZD1775、Irinotecan(CPT-11) 、Vincristine 的组合具有最高的肿瘤抑制率。
参考文献及鸣谢
[1] Yang, C.; Pang, X.; Teng, S.; et al. MYC Overexpression Enhances Sensitivity to MEK Inhibition in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. International journal of molecular sciences 2025, 26 (2).
[2] Hu, R.; Hou, H.; Li, Y.; et al. Combined BET and MEK Inhibition synergistically suppresses melanoma by targeting YAP1. Theranostics 2024, 14 (2), 593-607.
[3] Zhou, X.; Zhu, A.; Gu, X.; et al. Inhibition of MEK suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma growth through independent MYC and BIM regulation. Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) 2019, 42 (3), 369-380.
[4] Borlase, S.; DeCarlo, A.; Coudiere-Morrison, L.; et al. Cross-species analysis of SHH medulloblastoma models reveals significant inhibitory effects of trametinib on tumor progression. Cell death discovery 2023, 9 (1), 347.
[5] Kobayashi, M.; Onozawa, M.; Watanabe, S.; et al. Establishment of a BRAF V595E-mutant canine prostate cancer cell line and the antitumor effects of MEK inhibitors against canine prostate cancer. Veterinary and comparative oncology 2023, 21 (2), 221-230.
[6] Vigoda, M.; Mathieson, C.; Evans, N.; et al. Functional proteomics of patient derived head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells reveal novel applications of trametinib. Cancer biology & therapy 2022, 23 (1), 310-318.
[7] Borriello, L.; Nakata, R.; Sheard, M. A.; et al. Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Share Characteristics and Protumorigenic Activity with Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Cancer research 2017, 77 (18), 5142-5157.
[8] Chen, J.; Dai, J.; Kang, Z.; et al. A combinatorial strategy for overcoming primary and acquired resistance of MEK inhibition in colorectal cancer. Experimental cell research 2020, 393 (1), 112060.
[9] Chauveau, C.; Nerriere-Daguin, V.; Fourny, M.; et al. MEK inhibition prevents human skin graft rejection by promoting CD8(+)TCF1(+) over CD8 effector T cells. iScience 2025, 28 (9), 113310.
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