一、底层总逻辑

1. 世界只分两类:人 / 事物

2. 句子只分两类:- 讲状态 → 用 be动词

- 讲动作 → 用 do动词

二、be动词:只表“状态”

1. 三大基础用法

- be + 名词 → 是什么

This is a stone.

- be + 形容词 → 什么样

The stone is grey.

- be + 地点 → 在哪里

The stone is on the ground.

2. There be 句型

- 含义:某地有某物

- 结构:There be + 人/事物 + 地点

- 等价:The book is on the desk.

= There is a book on the desk.

3. be 动词变形口诀

- I → am

- you/复数 → are

- 单数名词/ he/she/it → is

- 过去:was(单)/ were(复)

三、do动词:只表“动作/行为”

1. 基础动作

- 结构:人/事物 + do + 宾语

I move the stone.

2. 能力 / 意愿

- can / will / may + 动词原形

I can move it.

I will move it.

3. 感官感受

- feel / look / sound / smell / taste + 形容词

The stone feels hard.

4. 比较与最高级

- 比较:比较级 + than

- 最高级:the + 最高级

This stone is bigger than that one.

四、动词三大“状态”

1. 持续态:正在做 / 一直做

- be + doing

I am moving the stone.

2. 完成态:已经做完 / 持续到现在

- have/has + done → 已经

I have moved the stone.

- have/has been + doing → 一直做到现在

I have been moving it for an hour.

3. 被动态:被……

- be + done

The stone is moved by me.

- have/get sth done → 把某事做完(让别人做)

I get the stone moved.

五、to do / will 表“将来/未发生”

- to do:想要、计划、目的

I want to move the stone.

- will + 动词原形:将要

I will move it tomorrow.

六、句式结构

1. 简单句

一套主谓:

- 主 + be + 表

- 主 + do + 宾

2. 从句

用引导词连接,修饰主干:

- 定语从句:who / which / that

- 条件从句:if

拆句万能步骤

1. 找主语(人/事物)

2. 找谓语(be / do)

3. 去掉修饰,先看懂主干

4. 再加修饰还原整句

七、最容易错的5点(必背)

1. 状态用be,动作用do,不能混用

✅ I run. ❌ I am run.

2. 第三人称单数动词要加 s/es

✅ He likes. ❌ He like.

3. There be 表“存在”,have 表“拥有”

✅ There is a book. ❌ There have a book.

4. 被动一定有 be

✅ The stone is moved. ❌ The stone moved.

5. 长句先抓主干,不要逐词翻译