最近这段时间,真的尽量少穿黄色衣服出门,不然你就会发现,自己突然“魅力巨增”,只不过,是对虫子的……

During the spring season, try to avoid wearing yellow when you go out — otherwise, you might find yourself strangely more attractive, but only to insects.

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为什么黄色这么容易招虫子?这些虫子是什么?

昆虫的趋色性

植物的嫩芽和花朵往往有着明亮的颜色,很多花朵为了争抢珍贵的传粉机会,也多是明亮的黄色。对于传粉昆虫而言,明黄色的花朵意味着花蜜花粉的盛宴,而对于吸食植物汁液的小瓢虫们,则代表着一片新的繁衍沃土。

于是,漫长的演化中这些小昆虫便刻下了奔赴黄色等亮色的本能,这种对色彩的趋性常被称为昆虫的趋色性。

Unlike older parts of plants, young leaves and flowers tend to be brighter, with many flowers being yellow in color to attract pollinators. For pollinating insects, bright yellow means a feast of nectar and pollen. For sap-sucking bugs, it signals a rich new breeding ground. Over a long evolution, these insects have developed an instinct to move toward yellow and other bright colors. This built-in attraction is called chromotaxis.

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相比其他色彩,黄色对光的反射率较高,在昆虫眼中会显得格外明亮。同样的,白色的衣服也有类似的效果。这些亮色的衣服对于空中飞舞的小虫就像是一个光源,诱使它们争先恐后地赶过来。

哪些昆虫会被黄色吸引?

在城市环境中,蚜虫和蓟马是被黄色衣服吸引的主要成员,在北方蚜虫占绝对优势,而南方则多是蓟马

蚜虫在分类学上归属于半翅目蚜总科,是一类有着很高多样性的小型昆虫。几乎各类植物的嫩芽或花蕾上都能发现它们的身影。

蚜虫不能咀嚼食物,它们的口器特化成针管一样的结构,以刺穿植物表皮的方式吸取营养。

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爬满蚜虫的植物

蓟马则属于缨翅目昆虫。与蚜虫类似,蓟马也不能咀嚼食物,但它们的口器更像是锉刀,锉开植物的表皮取食。

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In urban settings, aphids and thrips are the main insects drawn to yellow clothing. Aphids dominate in the north, while thrips are more common in the south. Aphids can’t chew — they have needle-like mouthparts that pierce plant skin to suck out nutrients. Thrips have mouthparts more like a tiny file, scraping open plant surfaces to feed.

除此之外,小型的叶蝉、木虱、粉虱等也会落到黄色的衣服上来,它们同样对明亮的黄色有一定的趋性。和蚜虫、蓟马一样,这些小飞虫也有着类似的侵害植物嫩芽的习性。

城市中常种植的月季、栾树、杨树、桃树等都是蚜虫、蓟马繁育的温床,因此这些植物萌芽开花时,大量的小飞虫就更容易出现在黄色的衣服上。

Common urban plants like roses, goldenrain trees, poplars, and peach trees are breeding grounds for aphids and thrips. When these plants sprout and bloom, bug numbers explode, making them much more likely to land on your yellow clothes.

不过,虽然这些小虫子落在衣服上很招人厌烦,但万幸的是,通常它们对人都没有什么直接伤害。尽管可能弄脏衣服,但所幸它们既不吸血也不蜇人。

如何处理飞到身上的小腻虫?

当发现这些小虫落在衣服上时,建议大家不要直接用手去拍打,这些小昆虫的身体非常脆弱,拍打往往会让他们支离破碎,弄脏衣服,接触到皮肤还有过敏的风险。

最好的方法就是猛烈抖动衣服将它们弹走,落在皮肤上的可以吹走它们这些小昆虫同样没有很强的防御能力,往往轻轻一吹就能解决问题。

If you find these bugs on your clothes, don’t slap them directly — their bodies are fragile, and crushing them will stain your clothes and may cause your skin to have an allergic reaction. The best way is to shake your clothes vigorously or to blow them off your skin. These insects have weak defenses, so a gentle puff of air usually does the trick.

来源:新华社微信公众号 科普中国

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