There be的主语与非谓语形式(看文章学习诸多语法)|主语|分句|动宾|英语|语法|非谓语形式

英语写作中当我们使用there be 句型时，必须明确主语是什么。如果句中使用了非谓语动词，还需要考虑非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间的关系。然而，很多同学往往忽略这些关系，导致非谓语动词误用。在中考、高考、成人考试以及英语四六级考试中，这类错误扣分严重。下面用例句呈现正确用法。黑体部分即为真正的主语。请观察主语与非谓语动词之间的关系(主谓关系简称“主谓”；动宾关系简称“动宾”)。

1.There are many students in the famous school.(无非谓语动词)

2.There are students studying here.(主谓)

3.There were people trained in school.(动宾)

4.There are many leaves fallen on the ground.(主谓)

5. There are many apples to be sent abroad tomorrow.(动宾)

6.There is no time to play, with students having to study.(后面独立主格结构，主谓)

7.There is no time to play, leaving students to study hard.(leave与students 动宾关系)

今天推荐的原创英文中就有类似的情况，虽然还有其它方面的错误，仍然感谢原文作者提供的真实语境材料。看看原文吧，你能发现几个问题？

一，我发现的问题

这段英文至少存在9个典型问题，值得认真分析。改好后，作文至少能提分9分。这些问题关系到there be句型的主语，两个分句不能没有连词用逗号隔开，非谓语动词的使用，习惯用语等四个重点。理解之后，在其它题型(语法单选10分和语法填空题15分)英语科完全可能再提升5分以上。这样，高考总分至少可以再增加14分。

（一）句首大写；习惯用语the aim of doing；两个分句之间要有连词，根据语境提示，用but连接；后面提到的是一件事，用单数即可；习惯用语some sort of 某种...；直接用in order to do更简洁。

The aims of studying English vary considerably, but the most significant one is that, as a student, you have to pass some sort of examination in order to get more credits.

（二）现在分词逻辑主语应该是人，但是there be句型主语又是shortage不是人，不一致；根据语境提示，这里应该是“掌握这门外语有助于实现你的梦想”动名词做主语，写成主句，另外写从句，这时主从复合句主语可以不用一致了。

Mastering this foreign language helps you realize your dreams, whether you go abroad to work or make a living.

最后修改版本如下

The aims of studying English vary considerably, but the most significant one is that, as a student, you have to pass some sort of examination in order to get more credits. Mastering this foreign language helps you realize your dreams, whether you go abroad to work or make a living.

学习英语的目的多种多样，但作为学生，最重要的一点是必须通过某种考试来获得更多学分。掌握这门外语能帮助你实现梦想——无论是出国工作，还是在国外谋生。