近日,天气湿热,正是蛇虫最活跃的时节。田间地头、房前屋后,都有可能与毒蛇“狭路相逢”,其中不乏五步蛇等剧毒蛇种,严重者可致凝血功能障碍甚至危及生命,需格外警惕。
清理旧物时被五步蛇咬伤
大叔命悬一线
“谁知道在自家院子里整理点旧物,也能碰上这种东西!”躺在杭州市中医院病床上55岁的何先生声音沙哑,面色略显苍白。他的右手臂自腕部至前臂中段明显红肿发黑,皮肤表面可见散在水疱,已进行急诊抗蛇毒治疗,目前创面处接着多根负压引流管,正持续引出暗红色血性渗液。虽已脱离最危险的阶段,但说起几天前的那场意外,他仍觉后怕。
五步蛇示意图,与本文无关
那天傍晚,何先生趁着天凉快,打算把屋后小院里积攒的一堆废旧木料和瓦罐清理掉。当他用力拽起一块压在角落的朽木板时,忽然感觉右手腕被什么冰凉、尖利的东西猛刺了一下,紧接着一阵烧灼般的剧痛从腕部迅速向上扩散。他猛地缩回手,只见木板翻落间,一条剧毒五步蛇正盘踞在瓦罐缝隙里昂着头与何先生对视。
A 55-year-old man surnamed He in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, is recovering after surviving a life-threatening snakebite. The incident occurred while He was clearing old wood and clay jars in his courtyard. After lifting a rotten wooden plank, he was bitten on the wrist by a venomous pit viper concealed underneath.
伤口处有两个较为宽大的牙痕,很快周围皮肤便迅速开始肿胀、疼痛,并有暗红色的血水从牙痕处渗出。因为剧烈疼痛以及惊吓,何先生两眼一黑晕了过去。家人见状大惊,立即拨通120将其紧急送至杭州市中医院急诊科。
The wound quickly became swollen and began bleeding, and he lost consciousness before being rushed to the hospital.
送到医院后
检测尿液已呈酱油色
入院后,皮肤科迅速启动多学科会诊,同步给予抗蛇毒血清、抗感染、抗过敏、止血、保肝护肾等综合对症支持治疗,并紧急安排检查。
结果令人震惊:血小板计数急剧下降,肌酶显著升高,尿镜检红细胞(+++),凝血酶原时间根本无法测出,尿液呈酱油色。所有这些指标都指向严重的凝血功能障碍,一旦发生多部位黏膜或内脏大出血,随时可能危及生命。
患者尿液由酱油色变为正常黄色
面对如此凶险的病情,专家团队立即为患者实施床边血浆置换和连续性肾脏替代治疗(CRRT)。随着血泵缓缓转动,淡黄色的新鲜血浆一滴一滴输入何先生体内,而含有毒素的废弃血浆则被逐步分离排出。治疗后,患者的尿液色泽从酱油色逐渐变为茶色,复查凝血功能及尿常规指标明显改善,在场医护终于松了口气。
为进一步清除残存毒素,后续又为何先生实施了持续床边血液灌流治疗。外科团队随即紧急为何先生进行彻底清创引流。脱离生命危险后,患者转入皮肤科,进一步接受中西医结合治疗。目前何先生病情已趋于平稳,各项指标在逐步恢复中。
Doctors administered antivenom immediately, but tests showed that the venom had severely affected his blood-clotting ability, putting him at risk of life-threatening bleeding. Doctors then carried out emergency toxin-removal treatment and surgery to clean the wound. His condition later stabilized, and he is now making a steady recovery.
被毒蛇咬伤后紧急处理
保持镇静,尽快远离蛇所在区域,尽量记住蛇的外形、颜色、头部形状等特征,有条件可拍照留证。
Stay calm and move away from the snake. If possible, remember its appearance or take a photo for identification.
立即拨打120并尽快就医;及时摘掉受伤肢体饰物,如戒指、手表等,保持受伤肢体静止下垂、低于心脏水平,切勿步行或奔跑,减少毒素扩散。
Call emergency services and seek medical attention immediately. Remove jewelry from the affected limb and keep it still and below heart level.
在咬伤肢体近心端、距伤口5~10cm处,用布条、鞋带等就地取材结扎,松紧度以阻断淋巴和静脉回流为宜(勿过紧),每30分钟放松1~2分钟。
Apply a constriction band 5–10 cm above the bite site to slow venom spread. Loosen it briefly every 30 minutes.
用大量流动的清水冲洗伤口及周围皮肤,有条件者以3%过氧化氢或1:5000高锰酸钾溶液反复冲洗,清除毒牙及污物;冲洗时从肢体近心端向伤口方向轻轻挤压,促使毒液排出(勿用力过猛),也可用吸引器或注射器辅助排毒。
Rinse the wound thoroughly with clean running water.
转运途中保持伤口与心脏齐平或稍低,切勿抬高患肢。
During transport, keep the affected limb at or slightly below heart level and avoid unnecessary movement.
再次提醒
梅雨时节,蛇类出没频繁
进山务农、踏青请穿胶鞋长裤
若不幸被蛇咬伤
切记“三不要”
不要奔跑
不要用力挤压伤口
不要自行放血
来源:人民日报微信综合 杭州市中医院、杭州日报、红星新闻
跟着China Daily
精读英语新闻
“无痛”学英语,每天20分钟就够!
热门跟贴