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despondency ⭐ 英 /dɪˈspɒndənsi/ 美 /dɪˈspɑːndənsi/

托福GRE

今日例句

despondency 是《纽约时报》(2026 年 6 月 18 日刊)播客 "The Untold Story of Jeffrey Epstein's Death"(爱泼斯坦之死不为人知的故事) 中出现的一个单词:

Let's pick up with what happens after this employee clocks Epstein's despondency, 《纽约时报》每日一词:despondencyhis distraughtness, as he's coming in.

解析:

despondency 是形容词 despondent(沮丧的、绝望的)的名词形式,意思是"意志消沉、灰心丧气、绝望",指一种因看不到希望而彻底失去斗志的低落状态。

它源自拉丁语 despondere(放弃、断念),由 de(向下、彻底)+ spondere(承诺、保证)构成——字面是"放弃承诺、不再指望",引申为精神上的彻底气馁。核心词根是 spond-/spons-(承诺),同源词:

  • respond
  • (回应)— re + spond,"回以承诺"
  • sponsor
  • (赞助者)— "作出担保的人"
  • spouse
  • (配偶)— 同源,"许下誓言的人"
  • correspond
  • (符合、通信)— cor + spond,"相互应答"

despondency 是程度很深的消沉,比一般的 sadness 更接近"绝望"。与 depression(抑郁)相比,despondency 更侧重"因失去希望而消沉"的心境,而非临床意义上的抑郁症;与 gloom(忧郁)相比,despondency 强调"灰心、不再抱期望"。比如:

  • 陷入绝望 sink into despondency
  • 一阵灰心丧气 a fit of despondency
  • 沮丧的神情 a look of despondency

那么回到上面《纽约时报》的句子,翻译成中文是:我们就从这名员工注意到爱泼斯坦入狱时的消沉与失魂落魄之后讲起。

近义词辨析

词汇

含义侧重

例句

despondency

因失去希望而灰心绝望

He fell into deep despondency.

despair

绝望(程度最重)

She was filled with despair.

dejection

沮丧、情绪低落

His face showed obvious dejection.

melancholy

忧郁、淡淡的哀伤

A sense of melancholy filled the room.

每日一句

关于 despondency 今天就看到这里。最后送各位一个关于 despondency 的例句:

In the darkest winter of the war, a wave of despondency swept across the nation. Yet it was precisely in that moment that ordinary people discovered a stubborn hope, refusing to believe that the night would last forever. —— 改编自二战时期民众回忆《纽约时报》每日一词:despondency