1成果简介
人工智能和新一代高频通信技术的快速发展,增加了对能够在复杂环境下工作并保持多种功能的电磁(EM)波吸收材料的需求。本文,成都大学魏汉军特聘副研究员、李颖 副教授等在《Carbon》期刊发表名为“Ganoderma-derived hierarchically porous carbon with biologically inherited architecture for synergistic electromagnetic attenuation and thermal management”的论文,研究以灵芝为天然原料,通过碳化、活化和热处理制备了分级多孔碳材料。所得碳骨架继承了灵芝支架固有的生物通道,形成了一种由纵向大孔和丰富的中孔/微孔组成的互连多孔结构。
经过优化的GA-800(在800 °C)样品在20 wt%的填料负载下表现出高效的微波吸收性能,厚度为1.55 mm时最小反射损耗(RLmin)为−39.6 dB,厚度为1.50 mm时最大有效吸收带宽(EAB)为5.7 GHz。雷达截面积(RCS)模拟进一步证实了显著的散射抑制效果。除了微波衰减外,这种分级多孔碳还表现出疏水性(接触角为127.5°)、隔热能力和稳定的光热响应。这些多功能特性源于其从生物体继承的分级多孔结构,该结构同时调控了电磁波传播、热传导和表面疏水行为。本研究表明,天然生物质结构可作为构建轻质多功能电磁材料的有效模板。
2图文导读
Fig. 1. Schematic illustration of the synthesis process of Ganoderma biomass-derived porous carbon.
Fig. 2. (a) XRD patterns, (b) Raman spectra, (c) defect density of GA-700 to GA-900 samples calculated using the Cancado equation, (d) XPS survey spectra, (e) high-resolution C 1s spectra, (f) high-resolution O 1s spectra, (g) high-resolution N 1s spectra, (h) N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms, and (i) pore size distribution curves of the GA-700 to GA-900 samples.
Fig. 3. SEM images of Ganoderma lucidum-derived porous carbon prepared at different temperatures: (a)–(a3) 700 °C (GA-700), (b)–(b3) 800 °C (GA-800), and (c)–(c3) 900 °C (GA-900).
Fig. 4. TEM images of Ganoderma-derived porous carbon prepared at different temperatures: (a)–(a2) GA-700, (b)–(b2) GA-800, (c)–(c2) GA-900, (d)–(g) EDS mapping of GA-800.
Fig. 5. 3D, 2D RL profiles and corresponding RL curves of biomass-derived carbon materials with varying thicknesses in the 4–18 GHz range: (a)–(a2) GA-700, (b)–(b2) GA-800, (c)–(c2) GA-900, and (d) the GA-800 sample with respect to the RL, impedance match, λ/4 wavelength formula, experimental data and theoretical simulation results.
Fig. 7. Schematic diagram of the microwave absorption mechanism of biomass-derived porous carbon.
Fig. 8. (a)‒(d) Three-dimensional scattering results, (e) simulated RCS curves, (f) RCS reduction at specific angles (0°, 15°, 30°, and 45°), and (g) RCS variation with angle (−180° < theta <180°) for PEC and the fabricated samples (GA-700, GA-800, and GA-900); (h)‒(j) water contact angle of the GA-700, GA-800, and GA-900 samples; (k)‒(n) thermal insulation performance of the GA-800 sample, and (o) temperature variation under 1 to 5 kW/m2 light intensity of the GA-800 sample.
3小结
综上所述,通过可控碳化、活化和热处理,合成了具有分级多孔结构的多功能灵芝源碳材料。所得材料保留了天然灵芝生物质固有的纵向孔道,形成了纵向大孔以及富含介孔/微孔的碳骨架。得益于这种独特的结构,优化样品(GA-800)在仅20 wt%的低填料负载下就展现出优异的电磁波吸收性能:厚度为1.55 mm时,最小反射系数(RLmin)为−39.6 dB;厚度为1.50 mm时,最大吸收带宽(EAB)为5.7 GHz。此外,GA-800 还展现出显著的雷达截面积 (RCS) 降低效果,在 0° 方向上可达约 20 dBm²。除了电磁衰减外,分级多孔碳还具有多种功能优势,包括强疏水性(水接触角为 127.5°)、高效的光热转换以及优异的隔热性能。这些多功能特性源于相互连接的多孔网络和异质碳微结构,二者协同增强了电磁耗散、界面相互作用和热管理能力。因此,本研究提出了一种可持续的策略,用于构建集高效微波吸收、雷达散射抑制和热管理于一体的多功能分级多孔生物质衍生碳材料。研究结果凸显了此类材料在先进电磁防护和热调节应用中的广阔前景。
文献:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121913
来源:材料分析与应用
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