1成果简介
生物质衍生碳因原料可再生、孔结构可调、表面化学可修饰,被视为有前景的钠离子电池负极材料,但许多生物质碳的比容量和首次库伦效率仍偏低,制约其实际应用。本文,武汉科技大学张江 副教授、李轩科 教授等等在《Langmuir》发表题为 “Sulfur‑Enriched Porous Carbon Derived from Corn Silk for Electrochemical Sodium Storage”的论文,提出以农业废弃物玉米须为碳原料,通过 K₂SO₄ 辅助碳热还原制备富硫多孔碳(SC1400)。硫的引入在碳骨架中形成 C–S 相关活性位点,并在约 2.1 / 1.5 V 处引入高电压氧化还原特征,显著提升储钠容量与可逆性。
电化学测试表明,优化样品 SC1400 在 0.1 A g⁻¹ 下首次放电容量为 365.94 mAh g⁻¹,首次库伦效率为 84.52%;在 1 A g⁻¹ 下循环 500 圈后容量保持 342 mAh g⁻¹,容量保持率 >93%。结合缺陷结构、层间距增大和含硫表面物种的协同作用,DFT 计算进一步证实硫掺杂显著增强了 Na 吸附能,为将农业废弃物转化为高性能钠电负极提供了实用化路线。
2图文导读
Figure 1.(a) Schematic synthesis, (b) XRD patterns, and (c) Raman spectrum.
Figure 2.、(a–c) CC1400 SEM images, (d–f) SC1400 SEM images, and (g) SC1400 EDS elemental mapping.
Figure 3.(a and b) CC1400 TEM images (insets show magnified views) and (c and d) SC1400 TEM images (insets show magnified views).
Figure 4.(a) N2adsorption–desorption isotherms, (b) pore size distribution, (c) XPS survey spectrum, and (d–f) SC1400 high-resolution S 2p, C 1s, and O 1s spectra.
Figure 5.(a and b) First three GCD curves of CC1400 and SC1400, (c) GCD curves of SC1400 at different current densities, (d and e) CV curves of CC1400 and SC1400 at 0.5 mV s–1, and (f) rate performance.
Figure 6.(a and b) CV curves at 0.1–2 mV s–1, (c and d) linear plots of log(i) vs log(v), (e and f) capacitive contributions at different scan rates, and (g and h) capacitive contribution at 1 mV s–1.
Figure 7.(a) Sulfur-doping mechanism in SC1400 and (b) schematic illustration of the sodium storage mechanism for SC1400 material.
Figure 8.(a and b) Structural models of CC1400 and SC1400 and (c and d) main and side views of the charge distribution of SC1400.
3小结
总而言之,本研究通过设计和合成硫掺杂玉米须多孔碳,解决了硫离子电池(SIB)负极存在的钠存储性能不佳和初始效率低的问题。SC1400 通过使用硫酸钾的一步碳热还原法制备,实现了均匀的硫掺杂(7.47 原子%)、扩大的层间距(0.409 nm)以及高比表面积(1272.33 m² g⁻¹)。硫掺杂产生了 C–S 活性位点,并通过氧化还原反应提供了额外的容量。当作为硫离子电池(SIB)负极使用时,该材料在0.1 A g⁻¹的电流密度下,经过100次循环后仍表现出362 mAh g⁻¹的可逆容量,初始库仑效率为84.52%。在 1 A g⁻¹ 的较高电流密度下,该材料在 500 次循环后仍保持 342 mAh g⁻¹ 的容量,容量保持率超过 93%。电化学阻抗分析表明,在 2 mV s⁻¹ 的扫描速率下,电荷转移电阻显著降低(Rct = 6.273 Ω),且伪电容贡献率达 92%。这证实了硫掺杂可促进钠存储动力学,为生物质衍生碳在 SIB 系统中的应用提供了新的见解。
文献:
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.6c02681
来源:材料分析与应用
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