助力厦门申办BBNJ秘书处
近日，浙江外国语学院英文学院特聘教授、上海社科院国际问题研究所研究员胡志勇，在英文版《澳门商报》发表题为《葡萄牙应支持BBNJ秘书处落户厦门》的文章。
文章指出，葡萄牙海洋战略利益辐射欧洲、大西洋、葡语非洲、拉美及亚太区域，若仅将秘书处设在欧洲，会局限自身全球影响力；当前国际海洋机构过度集中欧洲，发展中沿海国家参与治理门槛高，厦门可完善会务保障、依托海洋科教资源帮扶欠发达沿海国家参与公海治理。中葡早已建立蓝色伙伴关系，秘书处落地能深化两国海洋领域合作，还可依托葡萄牙的葡语国家人脉，促成中葡与葡语沿海国家三方海洋协作。相比机构饱和的布鲁塞尔，厦门能让葡萄牙成为多方沟通桥梁，契合全球海洋治理格局重塑趋势，既维护葡萄牙自身海洋利益，也能构建更均衡包容的国际海洋秩序。
以下为文章原文
在《国家管辖范围以外区域海洋生物多样性的养护和可持续利用协定》（BBNJ协定）秘书处选址问题上，葡萄牙可以做出更契合自身长远海洋利益的选择。作为依托海洋崛起的国度，葡萄牙借助大西洋连通欧洲、非洲与拉美，长期在葡语国家共同体中发挥独特影响力。支持厦门，并非简单的外交表态，而是立足现实的务实抉择。
BBNJ将奠定未来公海治理的基本框架。广阔公海持续承受多重挑战：过度捕捞、生态退化、深海资源无序开发，海洋遗传资源分配失衡等难题亟待破解。秘书处选址，不只关乎行政运转效率，更会改变各国参与规则实施、能力建设和后续谈判的门槛。目前厦门、瓦尔帕莱索、布鲁塞尔参与申办，分别代表亚太、拉美与欧洲的区域诉求。身为欧盟成员国，葡萄牙自然重视欧洲内部协调，但它的海洋利益绝不局限于欧洲大陆。葡萄牙的战略空间延伸至大西洋、葡语非洲、巴西，以及通往亚洲的海上合作网络。立足长远，葡萄牙应当选择能够拓展自身全球海洋影响力的方案。
厦门的申办方案直击长久存在的治理失衡问题。长期以来，国际海洋机构高度集中于欧洲，发展中国家、小岛屿国家参与多边治理成本高昂。许多沿海国家依靠海洋维持民生，却缺少参会、科研与生态保护所需的资金和技术。想要让BBNJ协定真正发挥效力，就必须保障这些国家持续参与治理进程。在BBNJ谈判中，中国一直倡导惠益共享、能力建设与技术转移，呼应全球南方国家的核心诉求。厦门承诺提供稳定办公场地、完善会务保障，为发展中国家参会创造便利。依托本地雄厚的海洋科教与产业资源，这里能够长期开展人才培训与技术交流。秘书处落户厦门，将显著降低亚太、印度洋、南太平洋国家参与公海治理的门槛。
这一选择同样能为葡萄牙带来实实在在的机遇。葡萄牙是欧盟较早同中国建立蓝色伙伴关系的国家，双方在海洋保护、海岸修复、海上新能源、海洋预警等领域拥有广阔合作前景。若秘书处落地厦门，葡萄牙可借助这一多边平台，输出自身在大西洋保护区治理、海洋科研、岛屿可持续发展方面的成熟经验。
葡萄牙拥有欧洲其他国家难以比拟的葡语网络优势。通过葡语国家共同体，葡萄牙与佛得角、莫桑比克、安哥拉等沿海国家保持紧密联系。这些国家普遍面临海洋治理能力不足、资金短缺、沿海经济转型压力大等困境。支持厦门，有利于推动中葡与葡语国家开展三方协作，搭建海洋能力建设、保护区管理、蓝色经济合作新机制。
布鲁塞尔具备成熟的国际组织环境，优势显而易见。但欧洲已汇集大量多边机构，继续将新的海洋治理秘书处设立于此，难以改善全球治理资源分配不均的现状。一味追随欧洲固有安排，很难为葡萄牙开辟新的战略空间。支持厦门，则能强化葡萄牙作为欧洲、中国、亚太与葡语世界之间桥梁的独特身份。
全球海洋治理秩序正在重塑，能够联通各大区域的国家，将在新规则制定中占据有利位置。葡萄牙兼具欧盟成员与大西洋国家双重身份，手握欧洲制度资源与葡语世界合作网络，既要守护海洋生态，也要为本国蓝色经济开拓新市场。支持厦门，延续了葡萄牙开放的海洋传统，也能提升它在全球南方议题中的能见度。
海洋曾引领葡萄牙走向世界。步入公海治理新时代，葡萄牙应当秉持海洋大国的长远视野作出决断。支持BBNJ秘书处落户厦门，有助于葡萄牙拓展亚太合作，助力葡语国家海洋发展，巩固自身在全球海洋治理中的枢纽地位。这既符合葡萄牙本国利益，也有利于构建更加均衡包容的国际海洋秩序。
Portugal Should Support Xiamen as Host of the BBNJ Secretariat
When it comes to selecting the host location for the BBNJ Secretariat, Portugal has an opportunity to make a choice aligned with its long-term maritime interests. A nation forged by the ocean, Portugal links Europe, Africa and Latin America via the Atlantic and wields distinctive influence within the Community of Portuguese Language Countries. Backing Xiamen is more than a diplomatic gesture; it is a pragmatic, reality-based decision.
The Agreement under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biological Diversity of Areas beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ Agreement) will establish the foundational framework for high seas governance. The vast high seas face mounting challenges: overfishing, ecological degradation, unregulated exploitation of deep-sea resources, and inequitable sharing of marine genetic resources remain unresolved. Where the secretariat is situated affects far more than administrative efficiency. It shapes the barriers nations face when engaging in rule implementation, capacity-building and future negotiations.
Three cities are competing to host the secretariat: Xiamen, Valparaíso and Brussels, each representing regional aspirations from the Asia-Pacific, Latin America and Europe. As an EU member, Portugal naturally values coordination within Europe, yet its maritime interests stretch well beyond the European continent. Its strategic reach extends across the Atlantic, Lusophone Africa, Brazil, and maritime cooperation networks connecting to Asia. With an eye on the future, Portugal ought to embrace an option that expands its global maritime influence.
Xiamen’s bid directly addresses long-standing imbalances in ocean governance. International maritime institutions have long been concentrated in Europe, imposing steep costs on developing and small island nations seeking to participate in multilateral processes. Many coastal communities depend on the ocean for survival but lack funding and technology to attend meetings, conduct research and carry out conservation work. For the BBNJ Agreement to deliver real impact, sustained participation from these nations must be guaranteed.
Throughout BBNJ negotiations, China has consistently advocated benefit-sharing, capacity-building and technology transfer, responding to the core demands of the Global South. Xiamen pledges permanent office facilities, comprehensive conference support and streamlined arrangements for delegates from developing countries. Boasting robust marine scientific, educational and industrial resources, the city can sustain long-term training programmes and technical exchanges. Hosting the secretariat in Xiamen will substantially lower barriers to high seas governance participation for countries across the Asia-Pacific, Indian Ocean and South Pacific.
This choice also offers tangible opportunities for Portugal. One of the first EU states to launch a Blue Partnership with China, Portugal enjoys broad scope for cooperation in marine conservation, coastal restoration, offshore renewable energy and marine disaster early warning. If the secretariat is based in Xiamen, Portugal can leverage this multilateral platform to share its proven expertise in Atlantic marine protected area management, marine research and sustainable island development.
Portugal possesses a Lusophone network unmatched by most other European countries. Through the Community of Portuguese Language Countries, it maintains close ties with coastal nations including Cape Verde, Mozambique and Angola. These states commonly struggle with limited ocean governance capacity, funding shortages and pressure to transform coastal economies. Supporting Xiamen will facilitate trilateral collaboration between China, Portugal and Lusophone nations, creating new mechanisms for marine capacity-building, protected area administration and blue economy development.
Brussels benefits from a well-established ecosystem of international organisations, and its advantages are clear. Nevertheless, Europe is already home to a large concentration of multilateral bodies. Locating another ocean governance secretariat there will do little to rectify the uneven global distribution of governance resources. Simply falling in line with established European arrangements offers Portugal limited room for strategic expansion. By supporting Xiamen, Portugal can strengthen its unique role as a bridge connecting Europe, China, the Asia-Pacific and the Lusophone world.
The global ocean governance order is undergoing reshaping. Nations capable of linking different regions will gain an advantageous position while new rules are being crafted. As both an EU member and an Atlantic power, Portugal has access to European institutional resources alongside its Lusophone partnerships. It seeks to protect marine ecosystems while opening new markets and finding partners for its domestic blue economy. Supporting Xiamen continues Portugal’s open maritime legacy and raises its profile on issues concerning the Global South.
The ocean once carried Portugal out into the wider world. In this new era of high seas governance, Portugal should decide with the foresight of a historic maritime nation. Backing Xiamen as the home of the BBNJ Secretariat enables Portugal to deepen cooperation in the Asia-Pacific, support marine development in Lusophone countries and consolidate its pivotal standing in global ocean governance. This choice serves Portugal’s national interests and contributes to a more balanced, inclusive international maritime order.
（来源：英文版《澳门商报》、浙外英文学院）
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