近日，一则“10岁女孩每天‘拼豆’三四小时，眼轴成倍增长”的消息，引发关注。
据都市快报8月10日报道，浙江省眼科医院（温州医科大学附属眼视光医院）杭州院区视光诊疗中心主治医师鲁伟聪介绍，“这段时间的门诊里，我接诊的度数或眼轴快速增长的孩子中，有好几个都说在玩‘拼豆’......”
A 10-year-old girl's eye axis grew twice as fast as normal after she spent three to four hours a day making perler bead crafts during the summer vacation, highlighting the potential risks of prolonged close-up activities for children.
Lu Weicong, an attending physician at an eye hospital in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, said several children with rapidly worsening myopia or eye-axis growth had recently reported making perler bead crafts.
“拼豆”又称“熔融豆”或“像素画”，是一种将彩色塑料小豆子按图案排列在单孔模板上，再用熨斗加热定型的手工活动（）。
鲁伟聪说，“拼豆”的颗粒很小，孩子长时间盯着操作，眼睛一直处在紧张状态，得不到调节、放松，原本就近视的孩子度数会增加，假性近视容易变成真性近视。哪怕还没近视，也会加速远视储备的消耗。“前几天有个10岁的女孩子，虽然有远视储备，但这次复查相比3个月前眼轴长了0.15mm，增长速度是正常情况的两倍。”
据了解，自从开始放暑假，该女孩每天在家“拼豆”至少三四个小时。“家长也很震惊，他们之前还觉得反正不是看电子产品，没想到还是‘中招’了。”
The craft involves arranging tiny colored plastic beads on a pegboard and ironing to fuse them together. Lu said prolonged close-up viewing can strain children's eyes, accelerate myopia and deplete their farsightedness reserve.
In the girl's case, her eye axis grew 0.15 millimeters in three months, twice the normal rate, despite her still having some farsightedness reserve. Her parents were surprised, as they had assumed the activity was safer because it did not involve electronic screens.
扬州大学附属医院眼科宋少劼医生介绍，拼豆作为一种文化娱乐活动，一定程度上的确能够帮助孩子训练手眼协调能力，增加手部操作的稳定度。
但问题在于，拼豆的豆子非常细小，绝大部分小朋友由于生长发育特点，胳膊比较短，往往会非常近距离去用眼、用手。这种情况下，长时间、高强度地近距离用眼，是眼轴增长、近视度数加深的重要危险因素。
Song Shaojie, an ophthalmologist at a hospital affiliated with Yangzhou University, said the beads' small size often requires children to work at very close distances, making prolonged near-distance viewing a risk factor for eye-axis growth and worsening myopia.
长时间玩“拼豆”，不只是伤眼睛！
据人民日报健康客户端此前报道，陆军军医大学西南医院全科医学科副主任医师宋双双提醒，长时间玩拼豆对身体的损害是系统性的——
① 颈椎与腰椎。低头久坐时，颈椎承压约为正常姿势的3倍。还会导致颈肩肌群持续紧张、腰椎间盘压力增加、血液循环不畅，引发僵硬、麻木，甚至诱发椎间盘突出。
② 眼睛。长时间紧盯微小颗粒，眨眼频率显著降低，容易导致眼睛酸涩、视物模糊、畏光；长期如此可能加速近视进展或引发干眼症。
③ 呼吸道。劣质拼豆加热时会释放甲醛等有毒物质，短期致头晕过敏，长期可损伤肝肾神经。
Song Shuangshuang, a deputy director in the general medicine department at the First Hospital Affiliated to AMU (Southwest Hospital), warned that prolonged perler bead making can strain the neck and eyes, worsen myopia and, when low-quality beads are heated, release toxic substances such as formaldehyde.
安全玩“拼豆”，这三点要注意
陆军军医大学西南医院全科医学科护士长袁媛介绍，拼豆爱好者务必遵循“选好材质、选对环境、严格控制时长”三大原则。
▌选好材质
购买拼豆要认准3C标志、明确标注“无毒”、通过EN71/GB6675玩具安全标准的产品，气味重、颜色过于鲜艳且不均匀、价格异常低廉，很可能是不合格的“三无”产品。
▌选好环境
熨烫时开窗或开换气扇，避免在密闭空间操作；熨烫时头部侧偏，不要正对蒸汽；作品完成后，通风晾晒1~2天再收纳，减少异味残留。
▌严格控时
可遵循“20-20-20”护眼法则：每隔20分钟，看20英尺（6米）外物体20秒；定时起身活动，做颈肩拉伸、转腰、远眺，以及手腕旋转、握拳张开等动作，让身体和手部都能得到放松；一般建议，每天拼豆最好不超2小时。有条件的情况下，可利用支架将拼豆板抬高至视线稍下方，减小低头幅度。
Doctors advise limiting the activity to no more than two hours a day, and taking regular breaks. When ironing the beads, children should also work in a well-ventilated area and use products that meet safety standards.
转发给你爱玩拼豆的朋友！
来源：中国青年报 都市快报 人民日报健康客户端
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