千年石刻艺术，撞上鲜活温柔的田园风光，这种古今对话的宿命感，让人一眼沦陷！
河南巩义宋陵，被誉为“露天石刻艺术博物馆”，现存1027件石刻造像，刀法细腻精湛，造型浑厚大气。
回望历史，千年前的大宋“实力爆表”，人们熟知的四大发明中，活字印刷术于此时问世，指南针与火药也在这一时期走向成熟并广泛应用。当然，还有当时兴盛的文化、极致的东方美学等。
The Song Mausoleums are a nationally protected cultural site. The elaborate stone sculptures reflect the prosperity of the Northern Song Dynasty (960-1127), an era that saw major advances in movable-type printing, the compass and gunpowder.
夏季宋陵（王羿 摄）
今年夏天，这份独属于大宋的气韵依旧鲜活。在河南巩义宋陵，一种神奇的时空“链接”待解锁，网友将这里的石像生称作“麦田里的守护者”。
This summer the Northern Song Mausoleums were celebrated online as the"guardians of the wheat fields", with the statues gaining widespread popularity on social media.
宋陵麦收（王向阳 摄）
千年石像生在线出圈！
四季宋陵“氛围感”拉满
巩义麦田之间，这种古今共生的东方浪漫，令璀璨的大宋文脉于新时代生生不息、焕发光彩。
今年夏天，外交部发言人林剑在海外社交媒体X平台发布一段“宋陵麦收”视频，文案充满诗意，他写道：夏收之时，麦浪起伏，宋陵的石像生默然伫立千年，静守岁月。
Foreign Ministry spokesman Lin Jian released a poetic post on the social network X accompanying a video of the wheat fields. "Harvesters move through waves of grain, while Song Dynasty imperial tomb statues, around 1,000 years old, stand in silence," he wrote.
春麦翠绿、盛夏金浪、秋日高粱、油葵铺满，冬日白雪覆盖。
Every spring, the wheat grows green. Summer comes, and the grain turns golden. Autumn paints the fields with sorghum and sunflowers, and winter blankets the land with snow.
不同于人们印象中肃穆威严的皇陵，在河南巩义，镇陵将军、瑞兽、石狮、石象等静静伫立在田野中，与麦田为伴，随四季流转更迭风景。
Unlike the imperial tomb complexes of the Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1644-1911) dynasties, many of the mausoleums from the Northern Song Dynasty (960-1127) stand in harmony with the surrounding farmland. Striking stone figures of officials, mythical creatures and animals form silent, eerie-looking rows against a backdrop of shimmering fields and distant hills.
当地政府、村干部与专家正在探索文物保护和旅游开发之间的平衡：既要守护好露天石刻造像，也要保障村民收入稳定。数字技术在此过程中发挥关键作用，一方面对文物开展数字化建档留存，另一方面也让游客得以近距离感受这些珍贵的历史遗存。
Local authorities, experts and village leaders have to carefully balance tasks relating to preservation of the relics and tourism. The open-air stone statues need to be protected and safeguarded and villagers' incomes maintained. Digital technology also plays an important role in stopping permanent erosion of the stone relics, while also helping make them accessible for modern tourists.
千年前，它们守护大宋王朝的山河礼制。千年后，它们静静扎根故土，见证时代蓬勃新生。
巩义市文物局局长朱星理表示：宋陵石刻属于不可移动的田野文物，最好的保护，不是“搬离原地”，而是留在它扎根千年的土地上，守住这里的历史记忆。
"If we move the stone statues from the imperial mausoleums into a museum exhibition, we will lose their most important historical value," according to Zhu Xingli, director of Gongyi's cultural relics bureau.
宋陵麦收（康震林 摄）
朱星理说道，宋陵石像生最大的价值，是整套皇家陵寝的礼制格局。望柱、瑞禽、石狮、文武石像生，从南到北依次列队排布，顺着中轴线、构成一套完整、严谨的帝王仪仗体系。一旦把石像单独搬走、放进博物馆展厅，它就变成了一件孤零零的石刻展品。纹饰还在、造型还在，但它所处的空间秩序、礼制关系、千年土层环境、原位历史信息，其实就折损了。
What makes these relics valuable is the complete ancient imperial tomb layout designed for royal funeral ceremonies, Zhu said. Stone pillars, stone lions, stone elephants and giant statues line the central axis, following a full ancient imperial funeral format.
“最好的保护，不是把石刻搬进博物馆，而是让它们留在扎根千年的土地上。”他说道。
"Our best protection is to let these stones stay rooted where they have stood for 1,000 years, rather than moving them away," Zhu said.
永裕陵石狮 （齐馨 摄）
温柔守护：“最小干预”+数字化赋能
在日常保护工作中，宋陵采取“人防+机防”相结合的防护措施。朱星理介绍道。陵区设置11处保护站，96名文保员实行24小时轮岗巡查；同时布设监控摄像头，既防止游客攀爬触摸、人为磕碰损毁文物，也防范夜间盗掘破坏风险。
In order to prevent human damage and theft, the cultural relic authority has established 11 protection posts with 96 full-time guardians. The guardians take turns keeping watch 24 hours a day, supported by security cameras.
“龙门、云冈石窟能够加装檐棚开展复原保护，是因为两处石窟古代原本就建有木构窟檐，这么做是在还原历史原貌。”他介绍，但宋陵石像生自建成之日起，便是露天矗立，千百年来已经适应了当地的温湿度、气候与土壤环境。这种“最小干预”，也是对文物的一种温柔守护。
Song Mausoleums were purpose-built for open-air display, a distinction from the Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang, Henan and the Yungang Grottoes in Datong, Shanxi province, which had wooden roof shelters, he added.
To protect the relics, the local government follows the "minimum intervention" rule.
目前，巩义已联合复旦大学等院校，有序推进宋陵石刻三维数字建档等相关研究工作。朱星理表示，永定陵及零散石刻现已完成扫描，相关数字资料存储于云端，实现永久保存。
"High-precision scanning technology captures all subtle features of the stone carvings, including facial textures, garment folds, micro cracks and delicate carved ornaments," Zhu said.
Full digital modeling has been completed for Yongding Mausoleum, one of the Song Mausoleums, and some scattered stone statues. Permanent digital replicas are stored on cloud platforms, with the original stone monuments preserved in their original locations, Zhu said.
读懂石刻：让千年宋史走进大众与海外视野
保护之外，目前巩义市文物局也在让文物被读懂、被看见。例如，近期开展的巩义市文物旅游社会讲解员培训班，就是让更多人加入到保护的队伍中。
"We live here — and the more we learn, the more we can share with visitors," Zhu said. "We are also setting up standardized information boards with detailed historical stories. These will help tourists not only admire the stone statues, but also truly learn about the rich history."
参加培训的导游王俊真表示，此次培训让她收获良多。她认识到，要找准文化传播的核心锚点，探索古为今用的转化路径，让千年传统文化契合当代人的认知视角，拉近与大众的距离。
Wang Junzhen, one of the tour guides, said the biggest benefit from the training is grasping the essence of successful cultural communication. She said she has learned how to make ancient Song Mausoleum culture come alive for modern audiences.
“当下文物受到越来越多人关注，宋陵历史底蕴深厚，这类保有原生风貌的历史遗存也备受外籍游客青睐。”她说道。
"As more people pay attention to cultural relics, the Song Mausoleums' historical records and vivid stories have won greater popularity," Wang said. She said she has noticed that foreign tourists are particularly interested in heritage sites like the Song Mausoleums.
全美华裔青少年协会副会长蔡雪玲（Apple Rouse）表示，宋陵石像生伫立在向日葵、农田间，打破了大家对皇陵固有的认知。宋陵展现出中华文明绵延不绝的生命力，有助于海外华裔青少年群体建立与自身文化根脉之间的联结。
Apple Rouse, vice-president of the US-based Chinese American Youth Association, believes the Song Mausoleums can help young people connect with their heritage.
她说道，石像生与高铁等现代化设施，构成了强烈的时空反差，如同AI拼接的跨界画面。千年石像生守望着中原大地，显示出华夏文明生生不息的韧性。
"The Song stone carvings, beside high-speed trains and modern facilities, create a powerful clash of times, like images put together by AI (artificial intelligence). These 1,000-year-old stone figures overlook the Central Plains, showing the everlasting strength of Chinese civilization."
百年老照片：跨越时空的文物对照
《寻迹宋陵》作者曹淼告诉记者，清末留存的老照片是极其珍贵的一手史料，经过高清修复处理后，石刻纹理、陵域格局、地貌细节清晰可见，能够让我们直观比对百余年来宋陵的沧桑变化。
Photos taken of the monuments in the late Qing Dynasty during the construction of the Bianluo Railway are priceless original materials, said Cao Miao, author of Traces of the Song Mausoleums.
阿道夫·锡伯德，比利时人，晚清修建汴洛铁路时的随队医生，工作之余拍摄的北宋皇陵，该图为永厚陵瑞禽。图源：比利时根特大学
曹淼说道，在晚清的时代背景下，摄影是极其昂贵且奢侈的。能够留存下如此系统、高清、专业的宋陵影像，本身就极为稀缺、弥足珍贵。如今文史爱好者用同机位重拍，直观展现百年来石刻。这些影像数字化后，不仅方便全球学者线上研究，也为石刻修复、古地貌复原提供权威参考。
Back then, photography was expensive and usually only for wealthy elites. Belgian and French engineers and doctors working on the railway took many clear, detailed pictures of the mausoleums. Today, photographers and history lovers take photos from the exact same angles as those century-old photos, Cao said.
北宋时期，这里是皇家禁地、严禁百姓出入耕作。历经千年，陵区从皇家禁地，慢慢变为百姓生活的田野，形成了如今“宋陵与麦田共生”的独特样貌，也正因这份“亲民”，人们得以近距离品读宋代石像生，也让文物融入人间烟火。
他说道，石头终有风化老去的一天，自然规律无法逆转。我们这一代人的使命，不是强求千年不朽，而是延缓损耗、延续文脉、留予后人。
"We can't stop natural weathering," he said. "The job for this generation is to slow this damage, keep the complete cultural background, and hand them down to later generations. Digital archives make sure this cultural heritage will never vanish entirely."
洛阳师范学院历史文化学院教授王国强表示，通过新旧实拍影像对照，便于大众直观了解文物变迁。同时他建议，联动洛阳、嵩山等石刻资源，打造石刻文化文旅线路，借知名景区流量提升宋陵影响力。
Wang Guoqiang, a professor from Luoyang Normal University's school of history and culture, said digital copies of these old photos make international research easier, letting heritage lovers all over the world study the site online. "These photos also provide clear references for repairing stone relics and restoring the original ancient landscape," he said.
Wang also suggested connecting Gongyi's stone carvings with Longmen Grottoes and Songshan Mountain cultural sites to build a unified cultural tourism route.
差异化发展VS文脉传承
如今，巩义宋陵各陵区呈差异化的保护发展状态：位于八陵村的永泰陵、永裕陵静卧田野，土地流转完成后，陵区土地得到统一管护；地处巩义城区的永昭陵、永厚陵，经保护性建设，目前为城市公园与遗址生态文化公园，面向市民开放。当地持续探索，寻求农业生产、村民生活、文物保护、文旅发展四者的平衡路径。
Yongyu Mausoleum and Yongtai Mausoleum in Baling village remain in their original rural farmland settings. Stunning views of the stone monuments, which attract photographers, travel bloggers and tourists all year round, can even be seen from passing high-speed trains.
In contrast, Yongzhao Mausoleum and Yonghou Mausoleum are located in Gongyi's urban area. Yongzhao Mausoleum was rebuilt decades ago as public city parks, where local residents can walk and relax beside ancient royal stone carvings.
永昭陵镇陵将军（齐馨 摄）
谈及2021年启动的土地流转工作，巩义市芝田镇八陵村党支部书记曹向辉坦言，推进过程中难免出现矛盾，这项举措也在顺应群众意愿。村民看似流转出土地，实际上利益并未受损，开展土地流转的根本目的，是更好地保护宋陵。
为让陵区风貌与北宋皇陵的历史氛围相契合，当地政府实施统一规划，在相关地块连片种植小麦、油葵、高粱等，整体景观效果，优于农户分散耕种的样貌。
The local government launched the land consolidation project in 2021, following multiple rounds of communication with villagers. Fortunately, most residents supported the plan.
Baling village in Gongyi was chosen as the pilot village for mausoleum land consolidation. Cao Xianghui, Party secretary of the village, said different mausoleum areas develop in different ways. For example, some lie in the city area, while others sit in open farmland.
提到巩义市区的宋陵公园（永昭陵），市民张攀毅回忆说，自己小时候经常到这里玩。长大后他才知道，这里是宋仁宗的陵寝，包拯等名臣就活跃在宋仁宗执政时期，很多家喻户晓的历史故事都发生在那个时代，这也让他对这段历史有了更深的体会。
Gongyi resident Zhang Panyi carries personal and shared memories of the mausoleums. He said he often visited Yongzhao Mausoleum Park when he was little, and only later learned it belonged to Emperor Renzong (1010-63) of the Song Dynasty and the famous historical figure Bao Zheng (999-1062).
千年石刻立于麦田，烟火人间包裹大宋文脉。以“最小干预”守护原貌，以数字科技留存永恒，以农文旅共生惠及乡民。这片“麦田里的皇陵”，正用最温柔的方式，向当代年轻人、向海外讲述着属于中原大地、中华文明的千年故事。
记者：史宝银 齐馨
策划：单娟
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