来源:市场资讯
(来源:财经会议圈)
当地时间2026年9月11日,一封信在数学界炸开了锅。
25位菲尔兹奖得主联名签署公开信《人工智能在数学中的严重错位》,由陶哲轩发布在个人博客上,并开放全球联署。
短短一天,超过1600位数学家签下了自己的名字。
先说说这25个人的分量。
菲尔兹奖四年一届、每次只发给四个人,是数学界公认的诺贝尔级荣誉。
而这一次,从1978年获奖的皮埃尔·德利涅,到2026年7月刚领奖的芝加哥大学中国数学家邓煜,横跨48年的历届得主几乎全员到场。
陶哲轩、彼得·舒尔策、玛丽娜·维亚佐夫斯卡、许埈珥、詹姆斯·梅纳德,随便报出一个名字,都是当代数学的坐标系。这样一批人罕见地集体放下手头的研究,用一封千词短信发出警告,本身就说明事情已经到了不说不行的地步。
导火索就在三天前。
9月8日,OpenAI宣布其一款尚未公开的模型,动用约一万个AI智能体,只用88小时就给出了纳维-斯托克斯方程这一千禧年难题的证明。消息一出,资本市场欢呼AI又下一城,科技股的热潮再添一把火。
但数学界看到的是另一面:
纽约大学数学家巴克马斯特公开质疑,OpenAI是在获知他与同行的先行进展后才“抢跑”发布,署名与数据使用的争议随之引爆。
所以这封信的核心结论是什么?
一句话:AI公司的目标,与数学共同体的目标,严重错位。
逻辑链条很清晰:
数学研究的首要目标是概念理解与洞察,解出难题只是衡量理解的代理指标;
当AI公司把“解题”变成跑分竞赛,指标就绑架了目标,以越来越快节奏批量生产的“真/假”结论,可能不是在孕育新思想,而是在摧毁孕育思想的沃土。
更深的忧虑在结尾:
AI正在直接产出“训练的成果”,让学生跳过了形成理解、提出新问题的必经训练。
这封信没有否定AI,它真正警告的是全人类:
当AI改变了工作的完成方式,我们不要忘记这些工作最初想要实现什么。
几段原文,值得反复咀嚼:
“解决问题只是实现概念理解与洞察这一首要目标的工具和代理指标。在AI的世界里忘记这一点,可能让工具反过来对抗首要目标。”
“以越来越快的节奏大规模生产‘真/假’陈述,可能不是在为新思想注入生命,而是在摧毁孕育思想的沃土。”
“如果没有自愿的数学家去照管这些思想的发展、并将其整合进数学知识体系,AI构想的这些思想就永远不会真正活起来,数学家之间那条至关重要的人类传承链条也将随之丢失。”
“这些变化最终是造福这门学科,还是产生破坏性影响,将在很大程度上取决于掌握这项新技术的人所作的决定。”
一千个英文单词,没有一个煽情词,却可能是人类智力尊严在2026年最克制的一次呐喊。全文不长,十分钟读完,建议所有关心AI、关心教育、关心我们自己接下来靠什么立足的人,读一遍原文,再读一遍。
人工智能在数学中的严重错位A Severe Misalignment of AI in Mathematics 2026年9月11日发布。25位菲尔兹奖得主作为初始签署人联署,陶哲轩发布于其博客“What's new”,全文同时刊登于联署网站 mathandai.org,并开放后续签名。法文版同日刊于《世界报》。截至9月12日已有超过1600位数学家在线联署。
Published on 11 September 2026. The 25 initial signatories are all Fields Medallists. The declaration was posted by Terence Tao on his blog "What's new" and on the endorsement page mathandai.org, which is open for further signatures. A French version was published in Le Monde on the same day. As of 12 September, more than 1,600 mathematicians had endorsed it online.Over the last few months, the mathematical capabilities of LLMs have improved dramatically, to the point that they can solve major outstanding problems in many fields of mathematics. However, the push by AI companies to solve mathematical problems as a benchmark is detrimental to the science of mathematics, and to the mathematical community. The goals of the AI companies and the goals of the mathematical community are severely misaligned. We see these as part of broader alignment issues impacting other scientific and creative professions, as well as the whole of society.
过去几个月,大语言模型的数学能力急剧提升,已经能够解决多个数学领域中重大的未决问题。然而,AI公司把解决数学问题当作基准测试来推进的做法,对数学这门科学、对数学共同体都是有害的。AI公司的目标与数学共同体的目标严重错位。我们认为,这属于更广泛的错位问题的一部分,影响着其他科学与创意职业,乃至整个社会。
Research mathematics deals with understanding basic structures of shapes, numbers, and natural phenomena. Over the course of generations, it has built a large corpus of sophisticated ideas, methods, abstractions, and other tools to comprehend the mathematical landscape. In turn, modern technologies and sciences are based on mathematical tools.
研究数学旨在理解形状、数字与自然现象的基本结构。历经数代人的积累,它已构建起庞大的思想、方法、抽象及其他工具的宝库,用以把握数学版图。反过来,现代技术与科学正是建立在这些数学工具之上。Famous problems have often served as landmarks and lighthouses against which one can measure an improved understanding of this landscape. Solving one of these problems has been a certain sign of new insights and interesting methods, which would then be studied by a community of mathematicians, through a long and arduous process of talks, discussions, simplifications. At the end of this process, one will ideally find a textbook presentation of the results suitable for any graduate or even undergraduate student to study. Some of the mathematical ideas pursue their journey even further to become, decades or centuries after, tools that are understood and used by the whole population.
著名问题常常充当地标与灯塔,人们借此衡量对这片版图理解的进步。解决其中一个问题,历来是出现了新洞见与新方法的确切信号;随后,数学家共同体将通过漫长而艰辛的报告、讨论与简化的过程对其进行研究。在这一过程的理想终点,人们会得到一份适合任何研究生、甚至本科生研读的教科书式表述。有些数学思想还会走得更远,在数十年乃至数百年后,成为被所有人理解和使用的工具。The mathematical community functions, in many ways, as a miniature version of humanity. It consists of individuals using a wide variety of different approaches, joined by core values. The most precious resources of our profession are students and ideas, and these we nurture with great care. We feel responsible to let them grow to their full potential, until they can live a life of their own in the mathematical world. For students we often suggest problems with the core intention of developing skills making them well-positioned for advances in research and elsewhere. Our ideas we disseminate in talks, private discussions and careful writeups, connecting them to the previous ideas of others. These processes invariably take time and are based on human interaction.
在许多方面,数学共同体的运作如同人类社会的缩影。它由采用各种不同路径的个人组成,因共同的核心价值而联结。我们这个职业最宝贵的资源是学生和思想,我们以极大的关切培育它们。我们自觉负有责任,让它们成长到全部潜能,直到它们能在数学世界中拥有自己的生命。对学生,我们常常建议一些问题,核心用意是培养他们的能力,使其在研究及其他领域取得进展时占据有利位置。对我们的思想,我们通过报告、私下讨论和严谨的写作加以传播,并将其与前人的思想联系起来。这些过程无一例外需要时间,并且建立在人与人的互动之上。
In recent months, the success of AI in solving major mathematical problems has made headlines even outside mathematical circles. But solving problems is only a tool and proxy for achieving the primary goal of conceptual understanding and insight. Forgetting this in the world of AI may turn the tool against the primary goal. Indeed, the mass production at faster and faster pace of “true/false” statements could destroy fertile ground instead of breathing life into new ideas.
近几个月来,AI在解决重大数学问题上的成功屡屡登上头条,甚至传到了数学圈之外。但解决问题只是实现概念理解与洞察这一首要目标的工具和代理指标。在AI的世界里忘记这一点,可能让工具反过来对抗首要目标。事实上,以越来越快的节奏大规模生产“真/假”陈述,可能不是在为新思想注入生命,而是在摧毁孕育思想的沃土。Often these solutions are announced in a rush, leaving no time for a proper writeup, the isolation of new methods and ideas, and citing relevant previous work of others. As in all creative professions, this raises severe attribution and plagiarism questions. Moreover, without the willing mathematicians who must take care of their development and integration into the mathematical canon, AI-conceived ideas would never become fully alive and the crucial human transmission chain between mathematicians would be lost.
这些解答往往被仓促公布,没有留下时间进行规范的写作、提炼其中真正的新方法与新思想,以及引用他人的相关先行工作。与所有创意职业一样,这引发了严重的成果归属与剽窃问题。而且,如果没有自愿的数学家去照管这些思想的发展、并将其整合进数学知识体系,AI构想的这些思想就永远不会真正活起来,数学家之间那条至关重要的人类传承链条也将随之丢失。We are witnessing a general threat to intellectual work, with misalignment between the outcome of the use of AI and its initial purpose. In many fields and activities, years of training have traditionally served not only to produce a final answer or product, but also to develop understanding and the ability to formulate new questions and ideas. However, building on a vast body of previous human work, AI systems are becoming increasingly capable of producing the results of such work directly, and these goals cease to align. The issues the mathematical community faces now are similar to issues that other scientific and creative professions are facing, and indicate issues that all of humanity might face: how to make sure that, as AI changes the way work is done, we do not lose sight of what that work was meant to achieve in the first place.
我们正在目睹对智力劳动的普遍威胁:AI使用所得的结果与其最初目的之间出现了错位。在许多领域和活动中,多年的专业训练传统上不仅为了产出最终答案或产品,也为了培养理解能力,以及提出新问题、新思想的能力。然而,站在人类此前积累的庞大知识之上,AI系统正变得越来越有能力直接产出这些工作的结果,这些目标因此不再对齐。数学共同体当下面对的问题,与其他科学和创意职业面对的问题相似,也预示着全人类可能面对的问题:如何确保,在AI改变工作完成方式的同时,我们不忘记这些工作最初究竟想要实现什么。
AI offers the potential of enhancing and accelerating genuine mathematical study and understanding. Mathematics as a profession will need to adapt to these changes in several ways. However, whether these changes ultimately benefit the field or have a destructive effect will in large part be determined by the decisions of the humans in control of this new technology.
AI具有增强和加速真正数学研究与理解的潜力。数学作为一个职业,将需要在多个方面适应这些变化。然而,这些变化最终是造福这门学科,还是产生破坏性影响,将在很大程度上取决于掌握这项新技术的人所作的决定。
These issues must be addressed urgently, in the mathematical community, by the companies developing these technologies and, more broadly, by a society that will confront similar problems in many other forms of intellectual work.
这些问题必须得到紧急处理:在数学共同体内部,在开发这些技术的公司那里,以及更广泛地,在一个将在许多其他智力工作形式中遭遇类似问题的社会那里。
签署人 / SignatoriesInitial Signatories, all Fields Medallists ·
初始签署人名单(按姓氏首字母排序):
阿尔图尔·阿维拉(Artur Avila,2014年菲尔兹奖得主)
埃菲·杰尔曼诺夫(Efim Zelmanov,1994年菲尔兹奖得主)
埃隆·林登斯特劳斯(Elon Lindenstrauss,2010年菲尔兹奖得主)
阿莱西奥·菲加利(Alessio Figalli,2018年菲尔兹奖得主)
安德烈·奥孔科夫(Andrei Okounkov,2006年菲尔兹奖得主)
昂热·维拉尼(Cédric Villani,2010年菲尔兹奖得主)
彼得·舒尔茨(Peter Scholze,2018年菲尔兹奖得主)
皮埃尔·德利涅(Pierre Deligne,1978年菲尔兹奖得主)
皮埃尔-路易·利翁斯(Pierre-Louis Lions,1994年菲尔兹奖得主)
邓煜(Yu Deng,2026年菲尔兹奖得主)
马里纳·维亚佐夫斯卡(Maryna Viazovska,2022年菲尔兹奖得主)
曼朱尔·巴尔加瓦(Manjul Bhargava,2014年菲尔兹奖得主)
马克西姆·孔采维奇(Maxim Kontsevich,1998年菲尔兹奖得主)
马丁·海勒(Martin Hairer,2014年菲尔兹奖得主)
考彻尔·比尔卡尔(Caucher Birkar,2018年菲尔兹奖得主)
柯蒂斯·麦克马伦(Curt McMullen,1998年菲尔兹奖得主)
森重文(Shigefumi Mori,1990年菲尔兹奖得主)
斯塔尼斯拉夫·斯米尔诺夫(Stanislav Smirnov,2010年菲尔兹奖得主)
陶哲轩(Terence Tao,2006年菲尔兹奖得主)
温德林·维尔纳(Wendelin Werner,2006年菲尔兹奖得主)
吴宝珠(Ngô Bảo Châu,2010年菲尔兹奖得主)
西蒙·多纳森(Simon Donaldson,1986年菲尔兹奖得主)
许吉夫(June Huh,2022年菲尔兹奖得主)
雨果·迪米尼-科潘(Hugo Duminil-Copin,2022年菲尔兹奖得主)
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