欧元区领导人联合声明

网易财经12月9日讯 今日欧元区领导人在布鲁塞尔欧盟峰会上发布联合声明，声明表示，欧元区成员国同意通过新的财政协议加强融合。并在10天内确认向IMF提供最多2000亿欧元（约合2700亿美元）贷款的条款。

声明主要包括以下内容：

同意通过新的财政协议加强融合；

国家年度结构赤字不得超过GDP的0.5%，并写入法律；

自动制裁赤字超过3%的国家；

明确主权债占GDP不超过60%的减赤目标；

加强经济和预算监督；

草案中欧元债券的提议在官方声明中没有提及；

提前启动ESM，望明年7月生效；

明年3月再评估EFSF/ESM的5000亿欧元上限是否充足；

ESM已交付占未交付资金比最低15%；

私营部门参与希腊是特例；

85%同意ESM可启动紧急程序；

欧洲向IMF提供2000亿欧元双边贷款；

目前有23国同意加入条约改革；

未提ESM银行执照。

以下是欧元区领导人联合声明全文：

1. 经济和货币联盟以及欧盟作为一个整体，其稳定和统一需要快速和有力的整改措施，欧元区需要通数量化的整顿朝向过一个广泛的“财政稳定联盟”。除了单一货币外，一个强大的经济支柱是必不可少。它依靠加强财政纪律，内部市场进一步的整合和发展，加强竞争力和社会融合实现。为达到这个目标，我们将基于并加强过于18个月内达成的成果：加强稳定和增长协定，在本月开始实施“欧洲学期”，新宏观经济非平衡程序，以及欧元增强协定。

2. 有了这个首要目标，我们将完全有决心共同克服当前的困难，今天我们一致同意新“新财政协议“，并将在共同利益基础上显著加强经济政策协调。

3.这将需要欧元区成员国之间达成一个新协议，需要一个共同的、雄心勃勃的新规则，把强烈的政治意愿加入一个新法律框架。

4. 我们致力于建立一个新的财政规则，包含以下内容：

·一般政府预算应实现平衡或盈余；这一原则可以根据实际情况有所不同，但年度结构性赤字不得超过名义GDP0.5%。

·该规则将陆续写入成员国的宪法或者相同层次的法律中，该规则将包含一个自动纠错机制，如果违反将被自动触发。它将被欧盟委员会作为原则基础进行定义。欧洲司法部将有监督各国在国家层面上执行这些规则的司法管辖权。

·会员国可以根据委员会提出的日期，根据其特定国家水平相规则靠拢。

·超过“过度赤字程序”的成员国必须向欧盟委员会和欧盟理事会递交申请，一个经济伙伴计划将详细说明必须的结构改革，保证对过度的赤字进行有效和长期的纠正。该计划的实施，以及与它相联系的年度财政计划的制定，将由委员会和理事会监督。

·将建立一个机制保证各成员发放政府债券前向欧盟报告计划

5、 针对欧元区成员国的超额赤字程序（TFEU第126条）将被加强。一旦成员国违反欧盟委员会设定的3%赤字上限，将被实施自动制裁，除非欧洲理事会以“有效多数”投票否决。特殊情况也将予以考虑。欧盟委员会提出的自动制裁措施将被欧洲理事会采纳，除非欧元区成员国以“有效多数”投票否决。对于一国政府债务比超过60%后。其债务削减数量指标的细则（1 / 20规则）必须依据新的规定。

6 我们将立即商讨欧盟委员会于2011年11月23日提出的新规定，包括(i) 监督和评估预算方案草案，并修正欧元区成员国过于庞大的赤字,(ii)加强对正陷入财政动荡或面临财政问题欧元区成员国经济和预算监督.我们呼吁欧洲理事会和欧洲议会迅速研究这些新规定推广的可能性，以便在下个预算年度进行实施。在新的法律框架下，欧盟委员会将特别关注预算方案草案中涉及财政态势的关键部分，如果有必要，将对这些方案做出评价。如果欧盟委员会认为特定部分和稳定和增长公约严重不符，欧盟委员会将要求对预算方案草案进行修正。

7 从长期来看，我们将继续致力于推动财政深度整合以更好的反映成员国互利共存的原则。2012年3月欧洲议会主席、欧盟委员会主席以及欧元区轮值主席报告中将对上述问题进行讨论。各位主席还将报告欧盟和欧元区的关系。

加强政策协调和管理

8 在不破坏内部市场的前提下，我们同意在有利于维护欧元区功能稳定的事项上进一步加强合作。

9 我们致力于制定一个普遍的经济政策。我们将设立一个程序以确保欧元区成员国规划的主要经济政策改革在欧元区范围内得到讨论并可协调执行，旨在取得最佳效果。

10、和10月26日欧元区峰会的协议一致，我们同意加强欧元区的治理，并将至少两年举行一次常规欧元区峰会。

11. 包括上述方案在内的更长期改革必须与立即解决当前市场压力的行动共同展开。

12.欧洲金融稳定机制（EFSF）的杠杆将被迅速落实，方案按照11月29日欧元集团达成的两个结构性方案。我们欢迎欧洲央行立即行动，作为EFSF市场操作的代理机构。

13. 我们同意加速欧洲稳定机制（ESM）立即加速实施。该协议将在出资额90%的成员国同意后，立刻进入实施。我们的共同目标是2012年7月ESM进入实施。

14 关于财政资源，我们达成的一致性意见如下：

根据框架协议的内容，欧洲金融稳定基金（EFSF）将继续参与融资项目，融资项目已经启动并持续至2013年中期。如有必要，EFSF将继续为未来的项目提供融资。

我们将在2012年3月重新评估EFSF/ESM规模为5000亿欧元（约合6700亿美元）的营救火力。

在分阶段缴纳资本的过程中，我们准备加速缴纳资本的过程，旨在将实缴资本和ESM已发放资本的比率最低维持在15%，并将合并有效放贷能力维持在5000亿欧元。

欧元区和其他成员国将斟酌，并在10天内确认向国际货币基金组织（IMF）提供最多2000亿欧元（约合2700亿美元）贷款的条款，此为双边贷款，旨在确保IMF拥有充足资源应对危机。我们正寻求国际社会做出类似承诺。

15. 我们同意对ESM条约的下述调整加强其效率

·考虑到私人部门参与，我们将严格参照IMF的原则和实践。这将清楚地反映在

条约的序言中。我们明确重申7月21日和10月26/27日通过的希腊债务方案是独一无二的。标准化的集体行动协议将被包括进入，通过发行新的欧元国家债券，将维持市场流动性。

·为确保ESM能在所有环境下采取必要措施，ESM的投票权将发生变化，加入紧急程序。如果欧盟委员会和欧洲央行认为有必要维护金融和经济稳定，对金融援助做出紧急决定，85%多数同意的决议将取代双边协定。

16. 我们欢迎意大利采取的措施；我们也欢迎新希腊政府的紧缩决心，我们希望希腊各方能全面支持，紧缩计划全面实施，我们也欢迎爱尔兰和葡萄牙取得的进展。

结语：

上述一些措施可以通过次级立法决定。欧元区各国首领认为其他一些措施应该包含在主体法中。考虑到欧盟成员国未能全部同意这一决定，他们决定通过国际协议的方式来实施立法，并将在明年三月或三月之前签署。目标仍然是将这些规则尽早包含在欧盟条约之中。保加利亚、丹麦、拉脱维亚、立陶宛、波兰、和罗马尼亚元首暗示他们有意加入这一进程。捷克和瑞典在做出决定前，先要咨询他们的议会。

下一页为英文版声明全文

STATEMENT BY THE EURO AREA HEADS OF STATE OR GOVERNMENT

The European Union and the euro area have done much over the past 18 months to improve

economic governance and adopt new measures in response to the sovereign debt crisis. However,

market tensions in the euro area have increased, and we need to step up our efforts to address the

current challenges. Today we agreed to move towards a stronger economic union. This implies

action in two directions:

- a new fiscal compact and strengthened economic policy coordination;

- the development of our stabilisation tools to face short term challenges.

A reinforced architecture for Economic and Monetary Union

1. The stability and integrity of the Economic and Monetary Union and of the European Union

as a whole require the swift and vigorous implementation of the measures already agreed as

well as further qualitative moves towards a genuine "fiscal stability union" in the euro area.

Alongside the single currency, a strong economic pillar is indispensable. It will rest on an

enhanced governance to foster fiscal discipline and deeper integration in the internal market

as well as stronger growth, enhanced competitiveness and social cohesion. To achieve this

objective, we will build on and enhance what has been achieved in the past 18 months: the

enhanced Stability and Growth Pact, the implementation of the European Semester starting

this month, the new macro-economic imbalances procedure, and the Euro Plus Pact.

2. With this overriding objective in mind, and fully determined to overcome together the current

difficulties, we agreed today on a new "fiscal compact" and on significant stronger

coordination of economic policies in areas of common interest.

3. This will require a new deal between euro area Member States to be enshrined in common,

ambitious rules that translate their strong political commitment into a new legal framework.

A new fiscal compact

4. We commit to establishing a new fiscal rule, containing the following elements:

• General government budgets shall be balanced or in surplus; this principle shall be deemed

respected if, as a rule, the annual structural deficit does not exceed 0.5% of nominal GDP.

• Such a rule will also be introduced in Member States' national legal systems at constitutional

or equivalent level. The rule will contain an automatic correction mechanism that shall be

triggered in the event of deviation. It will be defined by each Member State on the basis of

principles proposed by the Commission. We recognise the jurisdiction of the Court of

Justice to verify the transposition of this rule at national level.

• Member States shall converge towards their specific reference level, according to a calendar

proposed by the Commission.

• Member States in Excessive Deficit Procedure shall submit to the Commission and the

Council for endorsement, an economic partnership programme detailing the necessary

structural reforms to ensure an effectively durable correction of excessive deficits. The

implementation of the programme, and the yearly budgetary plans consistent with it, will be monitored by the Commission and the Council.

• A mechanism will be put in place for the ex ante reporting by Member States of their national debt issuance plans.

5. The rules governing the Excessive Deficit Procedure (Article 126 of the TFEU) will be reinforced for euro area Member States. As soon as a Member State is recognised to be in breach of the 3% ceiling by the Commission, there will be automatic consequences unless a qualified majority of euro area Member States is opposed. Steps and sanctions proposed or recommended by the Commission will be adopted unless a qualified majority of the euro area Member States is opposed. The specification of the debt criterion in terms of a numerical benchmark for debt reduction (1/20 rule) for Member States with a government debt in excess of 60% needs to be enshrined in the new provisions.

6. We will examine swiftly the new rules proposed by the Commission on 23 November 2011 on (i) the monitoring and assessment of draft budgetary plans and the correction of excessive deficit in euro area Member States and (ii) the strengthening of economic and budgetary surveillance of Member States experiencing or threatened with serious difficulties with respect to their financial stability in the euro area. We call on the Council and the

European Parliament to rapidly examine these regulations so that they will be in force for the next budget cycle. Under this new legal framework, the Commission will in particular examine the key parameters of the fiscal stance in the draft budgetary plans and will, ifneeded, adopt an opinion on these plans. If the Commission identifies particularly serious non-compliance with the Stability and Growth Pact, it will request a revised draft budgetary plan.

7. For the longer term, we will continue to work on how to further deepen fiscal integration so as to better reflect our degree of interdependence. These issues will be part of the report of the President of the European Council in cooperation with the President of the Commission and the President of the Eurogroup in March 2012. They will also report on the relations between the EU and the euro area. Stronger policy coordination and governance

8. We agree to make more active use of enhanced cooperation on matters which are essential for the smoothfunctioning of the euro area, without undermining the internal market.

9. We are committed to working towards a common economic policy. A procedure will be established to ensure that all major economic policy reforms planned by euro area Member States will be discussed and coordinated at the level of the euro area, with a view to benchmarking best practices.

10. Euro area governance will be reinforced as agreed at the Euro Summit of 26 October. In particular, regular Euro Summits will be held at least twice a year. Strengthening the stabilisation tools

11. Longer term reforms such as the ones set out above must be combined with immediate action to forcefully address current market tensions.

12. The European Financial Stability Facility (EFSF) leveraging will be rapidly deployed, through the two concrete options agreed upon by the Eurogroup on 29 November. We welcome the readiness of the ECB to act as an agent for the EFSF in its market operations.

13. We agree on an acceleration of the entry into force of the European Stability Mechanism (ESM) treaty. The Treaty will enter into force as soon as Member States representing 90 % of the capital commitments have ratified it. Our common objective is for the ESM to enter into force in July 2012.

14. Concerning financial resources, we agree on the following:

• the EFSF will remain active in financing programmes that have started until mid-2013 as provided for in the Framework Agreement; it will continue to ensure the financing of the ongoing programmes as needed;

• we will reassess the adequacy of the overall ceiling of the EFSF/ESM of EUR 500 billion (USD 670 billion) in March 2012;

• during the phasing in of the paid-in capital, we stand ready to accelerate payments of capital in order to maintain a minimum 15% ratio between paid-in capital and the outstanding amount of ESM issuances and to ensure a combined effective lending capacity of EUR 500 billion;

• euro area and other Member States will consider, and confirm within 10 days, the provision of additional resources for the IMF of up to EUR 200 billion (USD 270 billion), in the form of bilateral loans, to ensure that the IMF has adequate resources to deal with the crisis. We are looking forward to parallel contributions from the international community.

15. We agree on the following adjustments to the ESM Treaty to make it more effective:

• Concerning the involvement of the private sector, we will strictly adhere to the well established IMF principles and practices. This will be unambiguously reflected in the preamble of the treaty. We clearly reaffirm that the decisions taken on 21 July and 26/27

October concerning Greek debt are unique and exceptional; standardised and identical

Collective Action Clauses will be included, in such a way as to preserve market liquidity, in the terms and conditions of all new euro government bonds.

• In order to ensure that the ESM is in a position to take the necessary decisions in all circumstances, voting rules in the ESM will be changed to include an emergency procedure. The mutual agreement rule will be replaced by a qualified majority of 85 % in case the Commission and the ECB conclude that an urgent decision related to financial assistance is needed when the financial and economic sustainability of the euro area is threatened.1

16. We welcome the measures taken by Italy; we also welcome the commitment of the new Greek government, supported by all parties, to fully implement its programme, as well as the significant progress achieved by Ireland and Portugal in implementing their programmes.

* * * Some of the measures described above can be decided through secondary legislation. The euro area

Heads of State or Government consider that the other measures should be contained in primary legislation. Considering the absence of unanimity among the EU Member States, they decided to adopt them through an international agreement to be signed in March or at an earlier date. The objective remains to incorporate these provisions into the treaties of the Union as soon as possible.

The Heads of State or Government of Bulgaria, Denmark, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland and Romania indicated their intention to join in the process. The Heads of State or Government of the Czech Republic and Sweden are consulting their Parliaments before taking a decision.