新华网7月31日电 据科技网站Gizmodo报道，研究人员开发出一项循环技术，类似于人类的血液系统，它轻巧、透明，用在窗户玻璃上能够吸收热气，降低温度，从而节约因人工调节室内温度而使用的能量。

窗户是为我们提供生命所需阳光的通道，但对我们的电费来说是一个巨大的威胁。在夏天，它们榨取室内宝贵的冷气；在冬天，却向外释放热量。为了节约能源，研究者们希望给窗框安装一个循环系统，这样一来，在窗户玻璃温度够高时，它就能够泵入冰冷的液体物质，吸热降温。

一篇发表在《太阳能材料与太阳能电池》期刊上的研究指出，被哈佛大学的研究人员称为人工血液系统，这一研究结果通过调节窗户的温度和水分高低，来让其变得更加节能。

这项技术由一个轻薄而透明的硅橡胶组成，如下图所示，这块硅橡胶贴在一块玻璃表面。在这块硅橡胶上面分布着1-2毫米宽的管道，如果玻璃温度过高时，这些小管道就会被注满水。基本的原理是这样的：水从一端的管道进入，随着水流向另一端，玻璃温度就下降了。你会发现，这层网状的硅胶覆盖在玻璃表面基本上是透明的。有了这样的装置，我们既可以接收充足的阳光，也不必为照射升温而担心。

水流多进入管道的速度快慢决定了这套系统的效力大小，水流速度在每分钟10mL时，降温过程要比2mL每分时快得多。

这项技术的关键是，即使水流通过的速度很低，室内温度因此还是会得到很大的改观。据这项研究报告：

经研究人员计算，用窗户循环系统泵送一个苏打饮料罐一半的水量，就能给一个全尺寸的玻璃降温8摄氏度（14华氏度）。用来及少量的能量泵水，却能吸收极多的热能。这表明，给整个大楼安装这种能降温的窗户，就能节省很多能量。

除了运用这种技术来控制窗户的温度，研究人员说，这项技术还能防止光伏太阳能电池板起火燃烧，因为温度过高时它们就失去效力。

译者：张艺

百度新闻与新华网国际频道合作稿件，转载请注明出处。

Future Windows Could Use a Biomimetic Vascular System to Save Energy

Windows, our source of life-giving sunlight indoors, are a menace to your electrical bill. In the summer, windows bleed cold and in the winter they ooze heat. To save energy, researchers want to give window panes a circulatory system that could pump in cool, liquid relief when they get too hot.

In research published in Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, researchers from Harvard describe an artificial vascular system, which could help make windows more energy-efficient by controlling their temperature with water.

The technology consists of a thin, clear sheet of silicone rubber which is stuck over the surface of a pane of glass, as in the image below. The silicone is molded with 1-2mm channels, which can be pumped with water when a pane gets too hot. The basic principle is illustrated in the thermal GIF above. Water comes in one end, and cools the glass down as it flows towards the other. And as you can see, the silicon webbing is essentially invisible when its laid over the glass. So you get the sunlight without the heat.SExpand

The system's efficacy varies depending on how fast you pump water through it, as you can see in the thermal video below. The cooling happens much faster at 10mL/min than at .2 mL/Min

But the key is that even at a relatively low flow rate, the technology could make an impact at the scale of a regular person's house. From the release:

Pumping just half a soda can's worth of water through the window's circulatory system would cool a full-size window pane by a full 8 C (14 F), [the researchers] calculated. The energy needed to pump water would be far less than the heat energy the water absorbed. This suggested that installing the cooled windows throughout a building would generate a big net win.

Beyond using the technology to control the temperature of windows, the researchers also suggest that it could be used to keep photovoltaic solar panels from burning up since they lose efficiency when they get too hot. Which is, you know, pretty cool.

(原标题：未来的窗户可能使用仿生血液系统节约能源（图）)