胚样

TOILE

A garment created as a test for a new pattern of design, typically from cheap material such as gingham cloth or calico. A toile or muslin allows the designer to see how a design works and hangs, allowing it to be altered and perfected prior to producing the finished garment.

衣服的胚样，用来测试新的设计样式，通常是用便宜的材料制成的，例如方格布或棉布。 用白胚布做出的胚样，能够辅助设计师了解其设计作品的悬挂效果，从而在生产成品之前对其进行更改和完善。

Toile de Jouy

Toile de Jouy or toile is a decorative pattern with a repeated scene in black or dark colour against a white background. Toile de Jouy means cloth from Jouy-en-Josas in north-century France (teile meaning cloth).

“Toile de Jouy”，简称“toile”，是一种以白色为背景，以黑色或深色描绘出重复的场景，从而组成的装饰图案。Toile de Jouy的意思是来自法国北部Jouy-en-Josas地区的布料（teile指布料）。

高顶礼帽

TOP HAT

A tall, flat-crowned, broad-brimmed hat first made by John Hetherington in 1797 and worn by men throughout the 19th century for business and social events. Made from stiffened beaver fur felt or silk, the top hat or “topper”, declined in popularity towards the end of the century, but was retained for formal occasions by the upper class and continues to be used for formal wear such as with a morning suit and evening dress.

高帽冠、平顶、宽边的帽子，高顶礼帽最初由约翰·赫瑟灵顿（John Hetherington）于1797年设计制作，之后便成为整个19世纪时期商务和社交活动的必备穿着。 高顶礼帽由结实的海狸毛毡或丝绸制成，到了19世纪末已不再风靡，但上层阶级仍会在正式场合，搭配正装穿戴，例如西装和晚礼服。