全文作者介绍:
文化学者、独立策展人田晨旅居欧洲多年,曾就读于米兰国立美院 Accademia di Brera (Milano) 纯艺术硕士专业,现工作居住于上海和米兰。她的研究专注于数字文化遗产的当代表达与历史性地域空间构建,同时从事城市公共项目策划、写作和国际文化交流工作。致力于推动艺术与商业结合、多维专业和数字科技的社会创造力实践。
吉诺·马洛塔1935年出生于意大利坎波巴索,作为1950年代以来标志着战后意大利艺术与设计复兴变革的文化先驱之一,他自上世纪下半叶到二十一世纪第一个十年间持续进行着有关于新艺术语言、材料与数字技术的实验。并在艺术和设计史中诸多重要的先锋运动中分享他的研究成果,对自然与人工的关系进行了持续而严谨的文化贡献。
@ Esposizione all'abbadia di Fiastra, 2010
艺术 + 设计,
战后艺术发展的代表者
马洛塔是意大利战后艺术走向国际舞台的代表者之一,也是最早进行艺术、环境和工业设计之间角色交换、人工与自然关系辩证以及运用新型合成材料的变革性人物。
在其漫长的职业生涯中参与并促成了众多标志战后意大利当代艺术和设计的重要展览:例如1967年在福利尼奥的《Lo Spazio dell'Immagine》(想象的空间)、1968年由策展人马诺·切兰特首创 “贫穷艺术”一词的《arte povera + azioni povere》(贫穷艺术 + 贫穷行动)、1970年在蒙特普齐亚诺的《Amore mio》(我的爱)和罗马展览宫的《Vitalità del Negativo》(否定的生命力)等。1969年他参加了巴黎装饰艺术博物馆(Musée des Arts Décoratifs)的展览,1971年他参加了德国多特蒙德东墙博物馆的《Elf Italiener Heute》展览和美国费城现代艺术博物馆第一个十年展(The First Decade at the Museum of Modern Art in Philadelphia)。在1972年,他应邀参与了纽约MoMA现代艺术博物馆的《意大利:新家庭景观 Italy: The New Domestic Landscape》展览,此次里程碑式的展览是国际设计领域最具开创性的展览之一,更是首次确立了意大利激进设计 (Redical design) 的先驱性地位。
Gino Marotta was the first Italian artist to propose a synergy between art and design. From the 1950s to the first decade of the 21st century, he participated in the most significant contemporary Italian art exhibitions: Lo Spazio dell’Immagine (The Space of the Image) in Foligno (1967), Amore mio (My love) at Montepulciano (1970) ,Arte Povera + Azioni povere, organized by Germano Celant in Amalfi in 1968 and Vitalità del Negativo (Vitality of the Negative) in the Palazzo delle Esposizioni in Rome (1970-71). In 1971 he participated in the exhibitions Elf Italiener Heute at the Museum am Ostwall in Dortmund and Multiples The First Decade at the Museum of Modern Art in Philadelphia and in 1972 in New Italy The Domestic Landscape, MoMA, New York.
@ Italy: The New Domestic Landscape, MoMA,1972
对此,欧洲最重要的艺术评论家、艺术史家、文化哲学家皮埃尔·雷斯塔尼(Pierre Restany)曾这样写到:“ 我确信,如果没有吉诺·马洛塔的伟大主题发明,60年代后的意大利文化氛围会更加暗淡。”
On the subject Pierre Restany writes: “I am convinced that the cultural climate in Rome after the sixties would have been much bleaker without the great thematic inventions of Gino Marotta.”
战后艺术变革者,
人工与自然环境的关系
作为“环境艺术”的先行者,马洛塔的早期作品可以追溯到20世纪40年代末,接下来的十年里,他开始尝试一系列多元材料的实验性作品。1957年,在策展人埃米利奥·维拉(Emilio Villa)的帮助下,他在米兰蒙特拿破仑美术馆(Galleria MonteNapoleone)举办了一场个人秀,这是他的初次亮相。第二年,他在罗马Galleria La Salita 画廊推出了《Piombi》作品的第一个系列,并于1959年在米兰Galleria dell’Ariete 画廊推出了《Bandoni》系列作品。
1960年在非形式主义艺术时期结束后,马洛塔和一些著名艺术家,如法比奥·毛里(Fabio Mauri)、米莫·罗泰拉(Mimmo Rotella)、皮耶罗·多拉齐奥(Piero Dorazio)等人,成立了先锋艺术团体“裂痕小组”,旨在重新发现未来主义的传统,并提出新达达主义的概念。
His first pictorial works date back to the late 1940s, while in the following decade he began to develop a series of different multi-material works that marked the beginning of his relentless experimentation with industrial and chemical materials. He had his debut in 1957 with a solo show at Galleria Montenapoleone in Milan in 1957 presented by Emilio Villa. The next year he introduced the first series of Piombi at Galleria La Salita in Rome and in 1959 the series Bandoni at Galleria dell’Ariete in Milan.
After the conclusion of the Informalist season, in 1960 some artists like Fabio Mauri, Mimmo Rotella, Piero Dorazio, and Marotta himself, founded the CRACK group, with the intent of rediscovering the futurist tradition and propose a new version of the rising neo-dadaism. He was one of the first to understand the exchange of roles between art, environment and industrial design, the polarity of natural/artificial with its aesthetical and conceptual implications and the potential of the synthetic materials.
@ Natura Modulare, 1966
@ Gino Marotta Dalia wall lamp , illuminated object, Superhouse, 2021
从空间到感官,
新前卫艺术主义者的创举
从上世纪60年代起,对建筑的兴趣让马洛塔为自己的雕塑作品开启了新的空间维度,马洛塔开始使用有机玻璃作为材料,试图从艺术史的经典图景中重新发现新意,并通过荧光色的植物和动物形态赋予艺术新的生命姿态。同时期的他也开始在意大利艺术和设计史中诸多重要的先锋运动中分享他的理念和研究成果,例如《Bosco Naturale - Artificiale 1967》 (1967)(博斯科,自然 - 人工)等作品可证明,他作为一个新前卫艺术主义者试图重建宇宙般的创举。
During the Sixties Marotta started to work with the methacrylate, commonly known as perspex, giving life to a new nature populated by phytomorphc and zoomorphic shapes in fluorescent colors and rediscovering the tradition of images from the history of art. His interest in architecture led him to conceive an environmental dimension also for his sculptures, almost a neo-futurist attempt to reconstruct the universe, as evidenced by works such as Bosco-Naturale- Artificiale (1967).
@ Foresta di menta, 1968
而1968年在罗马Galleria La Tartaruga画廊举办的《Teatro delle Mostre》(剧院中的展览)展览中,他开创了气味和空间相结合的装置性雕塑《Foresta di menta》(薄荷森林),在一种由薄荷味和绿色塑料丝制成的多感官环境内,观众可以自由体验多维性的互动,这种前瞻性的交互性空间概念在被众多艺术家所沿用至今日。
For example, in 1968 he took part in historic manifestations such as Teatro delle Mostre in Galleria La Tartaruga, for which he presented Foresta di menta, a multisensory environment scented with mint and made of green plastic wires.
@ Dialoghi, Pascali-Marotta, Fondazione Pino Pascali, Polignano, 2021
从60s到千禧年之后,
关于光与虚拟现实的探究脚步
“ 自然 - 人工 ”的主题一直是吉诺·马洛塔诗学的支柱,人造光作为马洛塔60年代作品的特点,在千禧年之后又重新出现在他的作品中,这一次他大量运用了LED光源,并结合了上世纪90年代末开始的标志性有机玻璃材料进行大型主题创作。
2009 年,在罗马当代艺术馆(MACRO – Museum of Contemporary Art in Rome)所举办的个人展览《 Gino Marotta 》中,他运用甲基丙烯酸树脂、激光和LED光源创造了十米长的装置艺术作品《Ricognizione virtuale della savana 》(热带草原的虚拟侦察),向观众展示了一种人造丛林般的艺术景观。
展览策展人卢卡·马西莫·巴贝罗(Luca Massimo Barbero)在展览文稿中这样描述:“在黑暗的房间中呈现出的是明亮的色彩,艺术家就像在一块巨大的石板上探索自己的作品,在想象和物理层面上编排他关于艺术研究的虚拟图标,并将自然构思转译为超文本的电子文档。
From the end of the nineties he did new works in methacrylate. Artificial light, which had characterized Marotta’s work of the sixties, returned in his works at the beginning of the third millennium. Here light is LED, as in the 2009 work Ricognizione virtuale della savana (Virtual Reconnaissance of the Savannah) and the 2011 environment Cronotopo virtuale (Virtual chronotope). In the personal exhibition Gino Marotta, in 2009, at MACRO in Rome, he displayed Eden artificiale, a selection of sculptures in methacrylate, and Ricognizione virtuale della savana (Virtual reconnaissance of the savannah), an installation ten metres long using laser and LED lights.
“His great Ricognizione virtuale della savana (Virtual reconnaissance of the savannah) is a blade of light and colour in a dark room. A great slab on which the artist reconnoitres his own work, arranging on an imaginary and yet physical level the virtual icons of his artistic research, which is transformed into a hypertext”, wrote Luca Massimo Barbero, the curator of the show.
@ Naturale-Trasparent-Artificiale, 1960 to 2006
诗意而先锋的远见,
跨学科的启迪性实验
视线来到2022的今天,如印刷、绘画、摄影和雕塑传统形式已经被数字技术以全新的形式改变了,互联网和软件艺术,数字装置和虚拟现实,也已经作为公认的艺术实践出现了。
当我们回望马洛塔先锋性的艺术生涯,从使用跨时代的新型材料开始,到多纬度探索环境空间的沉浸式实验,艺术家创造了一个介于自然和技巧之间的奇妙多彩的世界,不断引发着跨学科的“蝴蝶效应”。在他想象中的花园里,生活着绿色单峰驼鹿、蓝色长颈鹿、紫红色鸵鸟、棕色犀牛,更不用说有荧光反射的火烈鸟了。诗意的棕榈树发芽,光环明亮;而在更远的地方,人造玫瑰和一束束更具异国情调的花在摇曳...
正如艺术家所说的那样,“关于艺术的不断创新是我的生活方式,它与一种艺术形式的命运有关,这种命运指引着我每次用不同的方式向人们‘讲述’着不同的故事。”
Gino Marotta takes us to a crowded imaginary garden, to a new dimension made of fabulous colored icon: green Dromedaries, blue Giraffes, fuchsia Ostrichs, brown Rhinos, fluorescent Flamingos... As the artist wrote: “The adventure of art is not a trade or a profession, but more probably a way of being, which is linked to the destiny of an art form which allows us to ‘tell’ events and stories in a different way each time.”
◎文章说明:
文章来源:回音华堂 GalleryHUI ;图片来源:吉诺·马洛塔、网络搜集;艺术翻译:田晨
版权归属原作者:吉诺·马洛塔所有,任何个人或机构未经允许不得擅自转载。
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