讨厌女人的男人: 非自愿独身男性的厌女

论文来源:New Media & Society

·研究对象:非自愿独身男性:无法建立异性恋关系的在线男性社群。(involuntarily celibates- “incels” 非自愿独身)

·方法:结合计算机数据和社会科学理论来分­析非自愿独身男性社群的厌女话语。

·材料:分析了再“非自愿独身”男性社群里跨度42月的每一条评论

·发现:几乎所有积极用户都使用厌女的词汇,并且这些厌女词汇的使用不会影响发帖频率,也就是说,这个社群集合了厌女者而不是塑造了厌女者(members arrive rather than become misogynistic)

·内容:以交叉理论(intersectionality)、男性气质和性别歧视的理论来讨论这些数据发现,并尝试探讨潜在的缓解类似在线厌女话语的政策。

·关键词:模糊性别歧视,女性气质,非自愿男性社群,交叉性理论,男性气质,厌女,种族歧视

·理论背景:

·交叉性理论:misogyny is never just misogyny, but also shaped by other forms of oppression; incel misogyny orients to a matrix of domination, wherein all women are denigrated, but women of color are doubly denigrated through a combination of racism and sexism.

·Hegemonic masculinity is not a trait or a type of man, but rather is a set of practices that legitimate and maintain unequal gender relations, including unequal relations between groups of men; as practices that advance the subjugation of women

·Halpin (2022) argues that incels weaponize their subordination, as they strategically position themselves as subordinate “failed men” to justify their hegemonic practices, such as endorsing interpersonal and systematic violence against women.

·Emphasized femininity: a counterpart to hegemonic masculinity, that is defined by nurturing, empathizing, and taking a submissive orientation toward men and their needs.

·Pariah femininities: socially undesirable forms of femininities

·Hostile sexism: aggressive misogyny that situates women as controlling, manipulative, and subhuman

·Benevolent sexism: endorses complementary gender roles and frames women as requiring men’s protection.

开心!终于等到了一篇论文写出了我对于《白莲花度假村》的性别分析——

论文来源:Representation

这部剧展示了一个白人男性权威遭遇威胁但最后得以重构的过程。主流的媒体呈现中大都遵循这一准则:白人男性权威可被威胁、可失落、可失稳,但不能崩坏。

剧中一开始以男主马克的DD疾病隐喻这一危机,与男主周围的zz抗争和女性霸权相映衬。男主遭遇这全方位的危机:作为丈夫,他完全被妻子凌驾;作为父亲,他完全被子女忽视;作为男人,他的男性生理器官生病;作为儿子,他发现自己的父亲是gay。而马克的权威的重新构建依赖于“犯罪化”他者的衬托,也就是剧中的夏威夷人Kai,他挑战了白人殖民主义,也因此锒铛入狱,而马克对着Kai的“英勇”一拳则起了关键性的作用,重建马克的信心与权威。此外,剧中所以其他的另类性别呈现都在结尾走入僵局,白人男性权威所遭遇的威胁被一一清除:gay酒店管理人被杀,les女儿短暂反抗然后“回归”异性恋家庭日常,女强人老婆再度小鸟依人顺从老公马克……

这篇论文主要讨论了Judith Butler在Gender Trouble和Bodies That Matter里面的理论,辅以对《白莲花度假村》的解读,对酷儿理论、性别研究、文化研究感兴趣的朋友可以读读~

结尾对于Butler 性别理论的评价

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