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清代许之衡《饮流斋说瓷》中说：“吾华制瓷可分三大时期：曰宋，曰明、曰清。宋最有名之有五，所谓柴、汝、官、哥、定是也。
In the Qing Dynasty, Xu Zhiheng said in his book "Drink Liuzhai said Porcelain" : "Wuhua porcelain can be divided into three periods: the Song, the Ming and the Qing. The Song Dynasty has five most famous, the so-called Chai, you, official, brother, must be also.
金·刘祈的《归潜志》中夸它的色彩是集合了天下所有白色的精华：“定州花瓷瓯，颜色天下白。”如果将青瓷比作雨后的晴空，那么定瓷便是其中变幻莫测的白云。天青色的晴空固然美，但白云亦俏皮可人，令人着迷。
Jin Liu Qi's "GUI Qian Zhi" praises its color is a collection of all white essence in the world: "Dingzhou porcelain Ou, the color of the world white." If celadon is compared to the clear sky after rain, then Dingporcelain is one of the unpredictable white clouds. The blue sky is beautiful, but the white clouds are also charming and charming.
定窑的定瓷有多美？定瓷之色，如云之白。定瓷，是五大名窑中唯一的白瓷,窑址在今河北省曲阳涧滋村及东西燕村，宋代称之为定州，因此，这里的瓷窑被称为定窑，出产的瓷器被称为定瓷。
How beautiful is the porcelain of Ding kiln? The color of porcelain is as white as clouds. Ding porcelain is the only white porcelain among the five famous kilns. The kilns were located in Jianzi Village and Dongyan Village in Quyang, Hebei Province, and were called Dingzhou in the Song Dynasty. Therefore, the kilns here were called Ding Kiln and the porcelain produced was called Ding porcelain.
一、简约性情
SIMPLEDISPOSITION
瓷器的发展从唐代南青北白的局面，变成了“百色争艳”，妍丽而内敛，一如宋人骨子里的含蓄气质。宋代，是文人学士的天堂，上至天子朝臣，下至黎民百姓，从诗词书画的造诣，到民间斗茶的行径，宋徽宗一段梦境，留下了令人赞叹不已的天青色釉，更适合茶汤色泽而名声大盛的建窑黑盏。宋代单色釉是宋人追求的极致美，它美在以大自然做依托，将天地之美包容封存在釉色中，又超脱于生活。却唯独定窑，只在白色上做文章。
The development of porcelain from the southern Qing north white situation in the Tang Dynasty, into a "hundred colors of beauty", beautiful and restrained, just like the implicit temperament in the bones of Song people. Song Dynasty, is the paradise of literati, up to the son of the courtiers, down to the people, from the attainments of poetry and calligraphy, to the practice of folk tea, Song Huizong a dream, left an amazing azure glaze, more suitable for the color of tea and fame of the building kiln black cup. The single color glaze of Song Dynasty is the ultimate beauty pursued by the Song people. It relies on nature to make the beauty of heaven and earth inclusive and sealed in the glaze color, and detached from life. But only fixed kiln, only on the white work.
宋朝的人有着不可超越的艺术气质，这气质是哲学的领悟，是生而为人的骨气。宋人情感上的内敛，却通过瓷器记录下了骨子里的硬气。定窑白瓷暖白的色调柔雅似女子，纹饰线条柔中带刚张力十足，轻轻敲击定窑瓷器的胎壁，便能感受到定窑的“铁骨铮铮”，薄亦不失坚硬，就是宋人的写照。
The people of the Song Dynasty had an unsurpassable artistic temperament, which was the understanding of philosophy and the backbone of human beings. Song people's emotional restraint, but through porcelain recorded the hard in the bones. Ding kiln white porcelain warm white tone is soft like a woman, the decorative line is soft with rigid tension, gently hit the wall of Ding kiln porcelain, you can feel the "iron bone clang" of Ding kiln, thin and hard, is the portrayal of the Song Dynasty.
二、天下第一白
FIRSTWHITE
五大名窑中，仅定窑以生产白瓷为主，其余四窑以青瓷为主。以纹饰见长：定窑纹饰以划花、刻花和印花为主，尤以印花最为精彩。其图案题材广泛，丰富多姿；胎体轻薄，釉色成牙白色。上品定窑白瓷具有白玉一般的高雅莹润之色，这也是它入选宫廷用瓷的原因之一。器壁上有流釉痕，看上去就像是流泪一样，俗称“泪釉”、“泪痕”。此为上釉过程中釉浆流淌的痕迹，是宋代定窑的一个重要特征。竹丝刷痕：瓷胚成型后以竹丝刷进行修坯时留下的痕迹，透过成品瓷器的釉色偶可见胎壁上的竹丝刷痕。北宋中期以后，定窑采用覆烧工艺，碗盘等器皿因倒扣烧制，故口沿不施釉而露胎，称为“芒口”。为弥补芒口的缺陷，一些定瓷的芒口上镶有金、银、铜边。
Among the five famous kilns, only Ding kiln mainly produces white porcelain, and the other four kilns mainly produce celadon. Famous for the pattern: Ding kiln pattern to scratch, engraving and printing, especially the most wonderful printing. Its pattern subject matter is wide, rich and colorful; The embryo is light and the enamel color is white. The top quality Dingyao white porcelain has the elegant and glossy color of white jade, which is one of the reasons why it is selected as court porcelain. There are glaze marks on the wall, which look like tears, commonly known as "tear glaze" and "tear marks". This is the trace of glaze slurry flow in the glaze process, which is an important feature of Ding Kiln in Song Dynasty. Bamboo brush marks: the marks left when the porcelain embryo is repaired with a bamboo brush after forming, and the brush marks on the fetal wall can be seen through the enamel color of the finished porcelain. After the middle of the Northern Song Dynasty, the Ding kiln adopted the overburning process, and the dishes and other utensils were fired backwards, so the mouth was not glazed and exposed, which was called "Mangkou". In order to make up for the defects of the awn mouth, some Ding porcelain awn mouths are inlaid with gold, silver and copper edges.
定窑瓷印花纹饰构图严谨，层次分明，繁而不乱，具有较高的艺术水准。并且题材丰富：有牡丹、莲花、萱草等多种花卉纹，也有凤凰、孔雀、鸳鸯以及鸭等禽鸟纹；此外，还有婴戏、水波游鱼等纹饰。定窑印花装饰看不出由简到繁、由低级向高级的发展过程，有可能是受定州缂丝的影响。宋代纺织业较发达，且丝织业在纺织业中占有重要地位。定州作为北方丝织业的中心，以制作缂丝久负盛名。因此，定窑工匠很可能借鉴于缂丝纹样粉本制作了刻模，故而印模的纹样从一开始就显得较为成熟。
Dingyao porcelain printing pattern composition is rigorous, the hierarchy is clear, complex but not chaotic, with a high artistic level. And the theme is rich: there are peony, lotus, day lilies and other flowers, but also phoenix, peacock, mandarin duck and duck and other birds; In addition, there are baby play, swimming fish and other patterns. Ding kiln printing decoration can not see the development process from simple to complex and from low to high, which may be influenced by Dingzhou Kesi. The textile industry in Song Dynasty was developed, and the silk and weaving industry played an important role in the textile industry. As the center of northern silk weaving industry, Dingzhou has long been famous for its production of Kesi silk. Therefore, Dingyao craftsmen are likely to learn from the Kesi silk pattern powder to make the engraving mold, so the pattern of the impression appears relatively mature from the beginning.
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