北京胡同 · 一条胡同、半个中国 | THE ESSENCE OF BEIJING CULTURE|beijing|courtyard|四合院|游廊

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著名作家汪曾祺曾说：“北京城像一块大豆腐，四方四正。城里有大街，有胡同。”胡同是城市的脉络，是生活的场所，是家的方向，更是京味文化的精髓。

The famous writer Wang Zengqi once said, "The city of Beijing is like a big piece of tofu, with four straight sides." There are streets and alleys in the city." Hutong is the vein of the city, the place of life, the direction of home, and the essence of Beijing culture.

白鹿洞书院山长熊梦祥在《析津志》最早记载了胡同：“大都街制,自南以至于北谓之经, 自东至西谓之纬。大街二十四步阔,三百八十四久巷,二十九衖通。”“衖通”说的就是胡同。明朝的胡同多了起来，文人张爵在《京师五城坊巷胡同集》收录了1170条街巷，其中胡同有459条。清末学者朱一新的《京师坊巷志稿》中，北京共有2077条街巷，胡同就占978条。

Xiong Mengxiang, the chief of the Academy mountain of White Deer Cave, first recorded the hutong in the "Analysis of Jin" : "The Dadu street system, from the south to the north is called the longitude, from the east to the west is called the latitude. The main street is twenty-four paces wide, three hundred and eighty-four long alleys, and twenty-nine ranged." The alleys are in the alleys. The hutong of the Ming Dynasty became more and more, and the literati Zhang Jou included 1170 streets and alleys in the collection of Hutong Hutong in the five cities of the Capital, of which 459 were hutong. According to Zhu Yixin, a scholar in the late Qing Dynasty, there are 2,077 streets and alleys in Beijing, of which 978 are hutongs.

胡同的历史变迁，也反映了北京城市的发展历程。从元朝的蒙古人引入胡同概念，到明朝胡同的大量增加，再到清末胡同数量的进一步增长，都反映了北京城市规模的扩大和人口的增加。总的来说，胡同是北京的一种独特建筑形式，是北京的一种生活方式，是北京的一种文化传统。它见证了北京的历史变迁，承载了北京的文化精髓，展现了北京的生活风情。

The historical changes of hutong also reflect the development of Beijing city. From the introduction of the concept of hutong by the Mongols in the Yuan Dynasty, to the large increase of hutong in the Ming Dynasty, to the further increase in the number of hutong in the late Qing Dynasty, all reflect the expansion of Beijing's urban scale and the increase in population. Generally speaking, Hutong is a unique architectural form, a way of life and a cultural tradition of Beijing. It bears witness to the historical changes of Beijing, carries the essence of Beijing's culture, and shows the life style of Beijing.

一、七舍合院

SEVEN HOUSES

七舍合院位于北京旧城核心区内，院子占地宽约15米，长约42米，是一座小型的三进四合院。保持传统四合院韵味的基础上，进行了巧妙的现代改造。设计师对场地进行了细致的清理和研究，以期在新旧之间找到恰当的平衡点。例如，原始的七间坡屋顶房屋得以保留，并在新的设计中融入了现代元素，如玻璃游廊和竹钢材料的运用。这种新旧交融的设计方式，不仅保留了四合院的传统风貌，还赋予了建筑新的活力和现代感。

Located in the core area of Beijing's old City, Qishe Courtyard is a small three-step courtyard with a yard covering an area of about 15 meters wide and 42 meters long. On the basis of maintaining the charm of traditional Siheyuan, it has carried out ingenious modern transformation. The site was carefully cleaned and studied to find the right balance between old and new. For example, the original seven-room house with pitched roofs was preserved and modern elements were incorporated into the new design, such as glass verandas and the use of bamboo and steel materials. This new and old blending design method not only retains the traditional style of Siheyuan, but also gives the building a new vitality and modern sense.

七舍合院的设计充分考虑了空间的功能性和实用性。一进院作为停车院，部分院墙被拆除，并增加了玻璃游廊作为新的入口，为车辆停放和人员出入提供了便利。二进院作为公共活动区，餐厅的折叠门可以完全开敞，与庭院形成互动，增强了空间的开放性和灵活性。三进院作为居住区，设有卧室、茶室、书房等空间，满足了现代生活的需求。同时，游廊与庭院内的三棵树形成互动，营造出多个小尺度的弧形休闲空间，为居住者提供了舒适宜人的生活环境。

The design of the Seven Houses courtyard fully considers the function and practicality of the space. Once the courtyard was used as a parking courtyard, part of the wall was removed and a glass veranda was added as a new entrance to facilitate vehicle parking and personnel access. As a public activity area, the folding doors of the dining room can be completely opened to interact with the courtyard, enhancing the openness and flexibility of the space. As a residential area, Sanjin Courtyard has bedrooms, tea rooms, study rooms and other Spaces to meet the needs of modern life. At the same time, the verandah interacts with the three trees in the courtyard to create a number of small scale curved leisure Spaces, providing a comfortable and pleasant living environment for residents.

二、开敞空间

OPEN SPACE

改造中采用了竹钢这一现代材料，它以其现代的审美特点和能够与传统木结构协调的特性，成为连接新旧设计的桥梁。竹钢的使用不仅呼应了传统建筑中常用的木材，还提供了更强的耐久性和稳定性。这种材料的选用，既展现了对传统建筑风格的尊重，又满足了现代化建筑的功能性需求。游廊的设计采用了框架结构支撑上设密肋梁板，这样的设计使其看起来更加通透轻盈，从而和谐地融入到旧建筑的环境中。这种设计手法不仅增强了建筑的美观性，也保持了四合院传统的空间感。

Bamboo steel, a modern material, is used in the renovation, which is a bridge connecting the old and new designs with its modern aesthetic characteristics and the characteristics of being able to coordinate with the traditional wood structure. The use of bamboo steel not only echoes the wood commonly used in traditional architecture, but also provides greater durability and stability. The selection of this material not only shows respect for the traditional architectural style, but also meets the functional needs of modern buildings. The design of the verandah adopts a frame structure supported by a dense ridged beam plate, which makes it look more transparent and light, thus blending harmoniously into the old building's environment. This design method not only enhances the aesthetics of the building, but also maintains the traditional spatial sense of the Siheyuan.

院内有三棵老树。游廊平面在这里演变为连续曲线形态，一方面与庭院内的三棵树产生互动，另一方面也营造出多个小尺度的弧形休闲空间。两间卧室居于建筑最后面的房屋，室内根据屋脊呈对称式布局，两个卫生间均与小院子比邻，实现良好的采光和通风效果。

There are three old trees in the yard. The plan of the veranda evolves into a continuous curve shape, which on the one hand interacts with the three trees in the courtyard, and on the other hand creates a number of small scale curved leisure Spaces. The two bedrooms are located at the back of the house, which is arranged in a symmetrical manner according to the roof ridge. Both bathrooms are adjacent to the small yard to achieve good lighting and ventilation.